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Meta-Analysis
. 2013 Dec 11;2013(12):CD008337.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008337.pub2.

Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication

Yuhong Yuan  1 , Alex C Ford, Khurram J Khan, Javier P Gisbert, David Forman, Grigorios I Leontiadis, Frances Tse, Xavier Calvet, Carlo Fallone, Lori Fischbach, Giuseppina Oderda, Franco Bazzoli, Paul Moayyedi
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication

Yuhong Yuan et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: The optimal duration for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy is controversial, with recommendations ranging from 7 to 14 days. Several systematic reviews have attempted to address this issue but have given conflicting results and limited their analysis to proton pump inhibitor (PPI), two antibiotics (PPI triple) therapy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the optimal duration of multiple H. pylori eradication regimens.

Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the relative effectiveness of different durations (7, 10 or 14 days) of a variety of regimens for eradicating H. pylori. The primary outcome was H. pylori persistence. The secondary outcome was adverse events.

Search methods: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched up to December 2011 to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We also searched the proceedings of six conferences from 1995 to 2011, dissertations and theses, and grey literature. There were no language restrictions applied to any search.

Selection criteria: Only parallel group RCTs assessing the efficacy of one to two weeks duration of first line H. pylori eradication regimens in adults were eligible. Within each regimen, the same combinations of drugs at the same dose were compared over different durations. Studies with at least two arms comparing 7, 10, or 14 days were eligible. Enrolled participants needed to be diagnosed with at least one positive test for H. pylori on the basis of a rapid urease test (RUT), histology, culture, urea breath test (UBT), or a stool antigen test (HpSA) before treatment. Eligible trials needed to confirm eradication of H. pylori as their primary outcome at least 28 days after completion of eradication treatment. Trials using only serology or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine H. pylori infection or eradication were excluded.

Data collection and analysis: Study eligibility and data extraction were performed by two independent review authors. Data analyses were performed within each type of intervention, for both primary and secondary outcomes. The relative risk (RR) and number needed to treat (NNT)/number needed to harm (NNTH) according to duration of therapy were calculated using the outcomes of H. pylori persistence and adverse events. A random-effects model was used. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were planned a priori.

Main results: In total, 75 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight types of regimens were reported with at least two comparative eligible durations. They included: PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy (n = 59), PPI bismuth-based quadruple therapy (n = 6), PPI + three antibiotics quadruple therapy (n = 1), PPI dual therapy (n = 2), histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H₂RA) bismuth quadruple therapy (n = 3), H₂RA bismuth-based triple therapy (n = 2), H₂RA + two antibiotics triple therapy (n = 3), and bismuth + two antibiotics triple therapy (n = 2). Some studies provided data for more than one regimen or more than two durations.For the PPI triple therapy, 59 studies with five regimens were reported: PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin (PCA); PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole (PCN); PPI + amoxicillin + nitroimidazole (PAN); PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone (PAQ); and PPI + amoxicillin + a nitrofuran (PANi). Regardless of type and dose of antibiotics, increased duration of PPI triple therapy from 7 to 14 days significantly increased the H. pylori eradication rate (45 studies, 72.9% versus 81.9%), the RR for H. pylori persistence was 0.66 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.74), NNT was 11 (95% CI 9 to 14). Significant effects were seen in the subgroup of PCA (34 studies, RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.75; NNT 12, 95% CI 9 to 16); PAN (10 studies, RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.86; NNT = 11, 95% CI 8 to 25); and in PAQ (2 studies, RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.83; NNT 3, 95% CI 2 to 10); but not in PCN triple therapy (4 studies, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.07). Significantly increased eradication rates were also seen for PPI triple therapy with 10 versus 7 days (24 studies, 79.9% versus 75.7%; RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.89; NNT 21, 95% CI 15 to 38) and 14 versus 10 days (12 studies, 84.4% versus 78.5%; RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.90; NNT 17, 95% CI 11 to 46); especially in the subgroup of PAC for 10 versus 7 days (17 studies, RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.91) and for 14 versus 10 days (10 studies, RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.91). A trend towards increased H. pylori eradication rates was seen with increased duration of PCN for 10 versus 7 days, and of PAN for 10 versus 7 days and 14 versus 10 days, though this was not statistical significant. The proportion of patients with adverse events, defined by authors, was marginally significantly increased only between 7 days and 14 days (15.5% versus 19.4%; RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.37; NNTH 31, 95% CI 18 to 104) but not for other duration comparisons. The proportion of patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events was not significantly different between treatment durations.Only limited data were reported for different durations of regimens other than PPI triple therapy. No significant difference of the eradication rate was seen for all regimens according to different durations except for H₂RA bismuth quadruple therapy, where a significantly higher eradication rate was seen for 14 days versus 7 days, however only one study reported outcome data.

Authors' conclusions: Increasing the duration of PPI-based triple therapy increases H. pylori eradication rates. For PCA, prolonging treatment duration from 7 to 10 or from 10 to 14 days is associated with a significantly higher eradication rate. The optimal duration of therapy for PCA and PAN is at least 14 days. More data are needed to confirm if there is any benefit of increasing the duration of therapy for PCN therapy. Information is limited for regimens other than PPI triple therapy; more studies are needed to draw meaningful conclusions for optimal duration of other H. pylori eradication regimens.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Research ethics

This study does not involve any experiments performed on human or animal bodies or tissues. Only published literature were collected and analysed. No direct harm will be caused by this study therefore no research ethnic board approval is required by the McMaster University Research Ethics Board. However, the analysis results may have impact on future decision making in the clinical practice which is believed no harm would be caused.

Funding source

No funding is received in respect of this study.

Conflict of interest

Yuhong Yuan, Alex Ford, Khurram Khan and Xavier Calvet declare no conflict of interest for this study. Dr Gisbert has served as a speaker, a consultant and advisory member for, or has received research funding from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Janssen‐Cilag, and Nycomed. In the last two years, Dr Carlo Fallone has received funding for consulting from Pendopharm Canada, and Takeda. Paul Moayyedi has accepted speaker's fees from AstraZeneca and Shire over the last two years and his Chair is partly funded by an unrestricted donation from AstraZeneca to McMaster University.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, main analyses, outcome: 1.1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by antibiotics regimens, regardless of dose.
4
4
Funnel plot of comparison: 2 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, main analyses, outcome: 2.1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by antibiotics regimens, regardless of dose.
5
5
Funnel plot of comparison: 3 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, main analyses, outcome: 3.1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by antibiotics regimen, regardless of dose.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, main analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by antibiotics regimens, regardless of dose.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, main analyses, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events, subgroup by antibiotics regimens, regardless of dose.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, main analyses, Outcome 3 Patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, subgroup by antibiotics regimens, regardless of dose.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, main analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by antibiotics regimens, regardless of dose.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, main analyses, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events, subgroup by antibiotics regimen, regardless of dose.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, main analyses, Outcome 3 Patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, subgroup by antibiotics regimen, regardless of dose.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, main analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by antibiotics regimen, regardless of dose.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, main analyses, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events, subgroup by antibiotics, regardless of dose.
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 PPI + two antibiotics triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, main analyses, Outcome 3 Patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, subgroup by antibiotics regimens, regardless of dose.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimens.
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by location.
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: allocation concealment.
4.5
4.5. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
4.6
4.6. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Patients with adverse events.
4.7
4.7. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
4.8
4.8. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse events: Diarrhoea/ loose stool/increasing stool passage.
4.9
4.9. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Taste disturbance/metallic taste or glossitis.
4.10
4.10. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Nausea or vomiting.
4.11
4.11. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 11 Adverse events: Skin rash and/or itching/allergic cutaneous reactions.
4.12
4.12. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Epigastric discomfort / Abdominal pain.
4.13
4.13. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Headache.
4.14
4.14. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Dry mouth/throat or thirsty.
4.15
4.15. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 15 Adverse event: Stomatitis/Angular stomatitis.
4.16
4.16. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 16 Adverse event: Loss of appetite.
4.17
4.17. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 17 Adverse event: Tongue discolouration.
4.18
4.18. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 18 Adverse event: Dizziness.
4.19
4.19. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 19 Adverse event: Regurgitation/belching.
4.20
4.20. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 20 Adverse event: Bloating.
4.21
4.21. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 21 Adverse event: Discolored faeces.
4.22
4.22. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 22 Adverse event: Monilia.
4.23
4.23. Analysis
Comparison 4 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 23 Adverse event: Herpes simplex labialis.
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by location.
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: allocation concealment.
5.5
5.5. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
5.6
5.6. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Patients with adverse events.
5.7
5.7. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
5.8
5.8. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse events: Taste disturbance or glossitis.
5.9
5.9. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
5.10
5.10. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Nausea or Vomiting.
5.11
5.11. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Abdominal pain.
5.12
5.12. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Skin rash or pruritus.
5.13
5.13. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Headache.
5.14
5.14. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Dyspepsia or worsened dyspepsia.
5.15
5.15. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 15 Adverse event: Flatulence.
5.16
5.16. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 16 Adverse event: Infection.
5.17
5.17. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 17 Adverse event: Anorexia.
5.18
5.18. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 18 Adverse event: Loss appetite.
5.19
5.19. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 19 Adverse event: Erythaema.
5.20
5.20. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 20 Adverse event: Candidiasis.
5.21
5.21. Analysis
Comparison 5 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 21 Adverse event: Authors' defined "serious adverse events".
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by location.
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
6.4
6.4. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: allocation concealment.
6.5
6.5. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
6.6
6.6. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Patients with adverse events.
6.7
6.7. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events.
6.8
6.8. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Nausea/Vomiting.
6.9
6.9. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
6.10
6.10. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Taste disturbance or glossitis.
6.11
6.11. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Headache.
6.12
6.12. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Loss of appetite.
6.13
6.13. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Abdominal pain.
6.14
6.14. Analysis
Comparison 6 PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin triple therapy,14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Skin rash or itching.
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
7.2
7.2. Analysis
Comparison 7 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pyloris persistence, subgroup by location.
7.3
7.3. Analysis
Comparison 7 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pyloris persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
7.4
7.4. Analysis
Comparison 7 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 H. pyloris persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
7.5
7.5. Analysis
Comparison 7 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 Patients with adverse events.
7.6
7.6. Analysis
Comparison 7 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events.
8.3
8.3. Analysis
Comparison 8 PPI + clarithromycin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 Patients discontined treatment due to adverse events.
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
9.2
9.2. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence subgroup by location.
9.3
9.3. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
9.4
9.4. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence subgroup by risk of bias: allocation concealment.
9.5
9.5. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 H. pylori persistence subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
9.6
9.6. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Patients with adverse events.
9.7
9.7. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
9.8
9.8. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse events: Diarrhoea.
9.9
9.9. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Nausea/vomiting/epigastric discomfort.
9.10
9.10. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 10 Adverse events: Metallic taste/dysgeusia/taste disturbance.
9.11
9.11. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Epigastric pain/abdominal pain.
9.12
9.12. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Dizziness.
9.13
9.13. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 13 Adverse events: Skin rush.
9.14
9.14. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Headache.
9.15
9.15. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 15 Adverse event: Flatulence.
9.16
9.16. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 16 Adverse event: Malaise.
9.17
9.17. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 17 Adverse event: Heartburn.
9.18
9.18. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 18 Advere event: Regurgitation.
9.19
9.19. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 19 Adverse event: Pruritus.
9.20
9.20. Analysis
Comparison 9 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 20 Adverse event: Loss of appetite.
10.1
10.1. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
10.2
10.2. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence subgroup by location.
10.3
10.3. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
10.4
10.4. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: allocation concealment.
10.5
10.5. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
10.6
10.6. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Patients with adverse events.
10.7
10.7. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
10.8
10.8. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Nausea/Vomiting.
10.9
10.9. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
10.10
10.10. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Abdominal pain.
10.11
10.11. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Loss of appetite.
10.12
10.12. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Headache.
10.13
10.13. Analysis
Comparison 10 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Taste disturbance.
11.1
11.1. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
11.2
11.2. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence subgroup by location.
11.3
11.3. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
11.4
11.4. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: allocation concealment.
11.5
11.5. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
11.6
11.6. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Patients with adverse events.
11.7
11.7. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse event.
11.8
11.8. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
11.9
11.9. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Dysgeusia/taste disturbance.
11.10
11.10. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Nausea/Vomiting.
11.11
11.11. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Headache.
11.12
11.12. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Loss of appetite.
11.13
11.13. Analysis
Comparison 11 PPI + amoxicillin + a nitroimidazole triple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Abdominal pain.
12.1
12.1. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimens.
12.2
12.2. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence: subgroup by location.
12.3
12.3. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence: subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
12.4
12.4. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
12.5
12.5. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 Adverse events: Diarrhoea.
12.6
12.6. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Adverse events: Headache.
12.7
12.7. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Adverse events: Skin rush or pruritus.
12.8
12.8. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse event: nausea/vomiting.
12.9
12.9. Analysis
Comparison 12 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Allergic reaction.
13.1
13.1. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimens.
13.2
13.2. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence subgroup by location.
13.3
13.3. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
13.4
13.4. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 4 Patients with adverse events.
13.5
13.5. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 5 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
13.6
13.6. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 6 Adverse event: Epigastric discomfort/abdominal pain.
13.7
13.7. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 7 Adverse event: Nausea or vomiting.
13.8
13.8. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Diarrrhoea.
13.9
13.9. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Metallic taste/taste disturbances.
13.10
13.10. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Constipation.
13.11
13.11. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Headache.
13.12
13.12. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Pruritus.
13.13
13.13. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Skin rash.
13.14
13.14. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Aphthous stomatitis.
13.15
13.15. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 15 Adverse event: Bloating.
13.16
13.16. Analysis
Comparison 13 PPI + amoxicillin + a quinolone triple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, subgroup and AE analyses, Outcome 16 Adverse event: loose stools.
14.1
14.1. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
14.2
14.2. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by location.
14.3
14.3. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
14.4
14.4. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
14.5
14.5. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 5 Patients with adverse events.
14.6
14.6. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 6 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
14.7
14.7. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 7 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
14.8
14.8. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Skin rash/itching.
14.9
14.9. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Dizziness/drowsiness.
14.10
14.10. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Abdominal discomfort.
14.11
14.11. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Fever.
14.12
14.12. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Vomiting.
14.13
14.13. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Fatigue.
14.14
14.14. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Headache.
14.15
14.15. Analysis
Comparison 14 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 15 Adverse event: Nausea.
15.1
15.1. Analysis
Comparison 15 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimens.
15.2
15.2. Analysis
Comparison 15 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by location.
15.3
15.3. Analysis
Comparison 15 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline disease.
15.4
15.4. Analysis
Comparison 15 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 4 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
16.1
16.1. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence.
16.2
16.2. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events.
16.3
16.3. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 3 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
16.4
16.4. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 4 Adverse events: nausea.
16.5
16.5. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 5 Adverse events: vomiting.
16.6
16.6. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 6 Adverse events: Stomach ache.
16.7
16.7. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 7 Adverse events: diarrhoea.
16.8
16.8. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 8 Adverse events: glossitis.
16.9
16.9. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 9 Adverse events: vaginitis.
16.10
16.10. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 10 Adverse events: dysphagia.
16.11
16.11. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 11 Adverse events: dizziness.
16.12
16.12. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 12 Adverse events: unfitness/discomfort (patients reported).
16.13
16.13. Analysis
Comparison 16 PPI + bismuth + two antibiotics quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 10 days, Outcome 13 Adverse events: fatigue/weakness (patients reported).
17.1
17.1. Analysis
Comparison 17 PPI + three antibiotics quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence.
17.2
17.2. Analysis
Comparison 17 PPI + three antibiotics quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
18.1
18.1. Analysis
Comparison 18 PPI dual therapy (PPI + one antibiotic) 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence.
18.2
18.2. Analysis
Comparison 18 PPI dual therapy (PPI + one antibiotic) 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events.
19.1
19.1. Analysis
Comparison 19 PPI dual therapy (PPI + one antibiotic), 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence.
19.2
19.2. Analysis
Comparison 19 PPI dual therapy (PPI + one antibiotic), 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events.
19.3
19.3. Analysis
Comparison 19 PPI dual therapy (PPI + one antibiotic), 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
20.1
20.1. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence.
20.2
20.2. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
20.3
20.3. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 Adverse event: Anorexia.
20.4
20.4. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 4 Adverse event: Nausea.
20.5
20.5. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 5 Adverse event: Vomiting.
20.6
20.6. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 6 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
20.7
20.7. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 7 Adverse event: Constipation.
20.8
20.8. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 8 Adverse event; Dizziness.
20.9
20.9. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Headache.
20.10
20.10. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Fatigue.
20.11
20.11. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Unpleasant taste.
20.12
20.12. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Dry mouth.
20.13
20.13. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Anal itching.
20.14
20.14. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Dysuria.
20.15
20.15. Analysis
Comparison 20 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 15 Adverse event: Urticaria.
21.1
21.1. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
21.2
21.2. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse event.
21.3
21.3. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
21.4
21.4. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 4 Adverse event: Epigastric pain.
21.5
21.5. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 5 Adverse event: Nausea.
21.6
21.6. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 6 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
21.7
21.7. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 7 Adverse event: Vomiting.
21.8
21.8. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Headache.
21.9
21.9. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Skin rash.
21.10
21.10. Analysis
Comparison 21 H2RA bismuth quadruple therapy, 10 days versus 7 days, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Taste disturbance.
22.1
22.1. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence.
22.2
22.2. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events.
22.3
22.3. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
22.4
22.4. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 4 Adverse event: Nausea.
22.5
22.5. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 5 Adverse event: Headache.
22.6
22.6. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 6 Adverse event: Pruritus.
22.7
22.7. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 7 Adverse event: Allergic dermatitis.
22.8
22.8. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Conjunctivitis.
22.9
22.9. Analysis
Comparison 22 H2RA bismuth‐based triple therapy, 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Asthenia.
23.1
23.1. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
23.2
23.2. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by location.
23.3
23.3. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by baseline PUD or FD.
23.4
23.4. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 4 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: allocation concealment.
23.5
23.5. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 5 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by risk of bias: overall.
23.6
23.6. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 6 Patients with adverse events.
23.7
23.7. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 7 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
23.8
23.8. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
23.9
23.9. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Nausea or Vomiting.
23.10
23.10. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Headache.
23.11
23.11. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Taste alteration.
23.12
23.12. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Epigastric discomfort.
23.13
23.13. Analysis
Comparison 23 H2RA triple therapy (H2RA + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Dizziness.
24.1
24.1. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 1 H. pylori persistence, subgroup by regimen.
24.2
24.2. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 2 Patients with adverse events.
24.3
24.3. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 3 Patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.
24.4
24.4. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 4 Adverse event: Nausea.
24.5
24.5. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 5 Adverse event: Vomiting.
24.6
24.6. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 6 Adverse event: Metalic taste or bad taste.
24.7
24.7. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 7 Adverse event: Heartburn.
24.8
24.8. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 8 Adverse event: Diarrhoea.
24.9
24.9. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 9 Adverse event: Stomach pain.
24.10
24.10. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 10 Adverse event: Burning sensation in the oesophagus.
24.11
24.11. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 11 Adverse event: Burning sensation in the mouth.
24.12
24.12. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 12 Adverse event: Dysphagia.
24.13
24.13. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 13 Adverse event: Burping.
24.14
24.14. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 14 Adverse event: Anorexia.
24.15
24.15. Analysis
Comparison 24 Bismuth triple therapy (bismuth salt + two antibiotics), 14 days versus 7 days, Outcome 15 Adverse event: Dizziness.
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Comment in

References

References to studies included in this review

Antelo 2001 {published data only}
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Chew 1994 {published data only}
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Ching 1998 {published data only}
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Cho 2001 {published data only}
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Cui 2002 {published data only}
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Daghaghzadeh 2007 {published data only}
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Dal Bo' 1998 {published data only}
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Dammann 2000 {published data only}
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de Boer 1994 {published data only}
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De Francesco 2004 {published data only}
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Di Caro 2002a {published data only}
    1. Caro S, Zocco MA, Cremonini F, Candelli M, Nista EC, Bartolozzi F, et al. Levofloxacin based regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2002;14(12):1309‐12. - PubMed
Di Mario 2003a {published data only}
    1. Mario F, Aragona G, Dal Bo N, Cavestro GM, Cavallaro L, Iori V, et al. Use of bovine lactoferrin for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Digestive and Liver Disease 2003;35(10):706‐10. - PubMed
Dore 2011 {published data only}
    1. Dore MP, Farina V, Cuccu M, Mameli L, Massarelli G, Graham DY. Twice‐a‐day bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial of 10 and 14 days. Helicobacter 2011;16(4):295‐300. - PubMed
Emami 2006 {published data only}
    1. Emami MH, Saberfiroozi MM, Arj A, Taghavi AR, Bagheri‐Lankarani K, Dehbashi N, et al. Does delayed gastric emptying shorten the H pylori eradication period? A double blind clinical trial. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006;12(39):6310‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Ercin 2010 {published data only}
    1. Erçin CN, Uygun A, Toros AB, Kantarcioğlu M, Kilciler G, Polat Z, Bağci S. Comparison of 7‐ and 14‐day first‐line therapies including levofloxacin in patients with Helicobacter pylori positive non‐ulcer dyspepsia. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;21(1):12‐6. - PubMed
Fennerty 1998 {published data only}
    1. Fennerty MB, Kovacs TO, Krause R, Haber M, Weissfeld A, Siepman N, et al. A comparison of 10 and 14 days of lansoprazole triple therapy for eradication ofHelicobacter pylori. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998;158(15):1651‐6. - PubMed
Filipec Kanizaj 2009 {published data only}
    1. Filipec Kanizaj T, Katicic M, Skurla B, Ticak M, Plecko V, Kalenic S. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy success regarding different treatment period based on clarithromycin or metronidazole triple‐therapy regimens. Helicobacter 2009;14(1):29‐35. - PubMed
Garza González 2007 {published data only}
    1. Garza González E, Giasi González E, Martínez Vázquez MA, Pérez Pérez GI, González GM, Maldonado Garza HJ, Bosques Padilla FJ. Helicobacter pylori eradication and its relation to antibiotic resistance and CYP2C19 status. Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas 2007;99(2):71‐5. - PubMed
Gisbert 2005a {published data only}
    1. Gisbert JP, Dominguez‐Munoz A, Dominguez‐Martin A, Gisbert JL, Marcos S. Esomeprazole‐based therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication: any effect by increasing the dose of esomeprazole or prolonging the treatment?. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2005;100(9):1935‐40. - PubMed
Grade 1996 {published data only}
    1. Grade AJ, Blubaugh FC, Ramirez FC. Clarithromycin, amoxicillin and omeprazole, for eradication of H. pylori: a prospective, randomized, comparative study of a seven day versus ten day course. Gastroenterology 1996;110 Suppl 1:A121.
Gumurdulu 2004 {published data only}
    1. Gumurdulu Y, Serin E, Ozer B, Kayaselcuk F, Ozsahin K, Cosar AM, et al. Low eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori with triple 7‐14 days and quadruple therapy in Turkey. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004;10(5):668‐71. - PMC - PubMed
Hsu 2005 {published data only}
    1. Hsu CC, Chen JJ, Hu TH, Lu SN, Changchien CS. One‐week versus two‐week H2‐receptor antagonist in combination with amoxicillin and tinidazole for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Hepato‐Gastroenterology 2005;52(65):1617‐21. - PubMed
Hu 1999 {published data only}
    1. Hu F, Wang Z, Fan G. Comparison of 1 week and 2 weeks efficacy of lansoprazole triple therapy in treatment of H. pylori infection [兰索拉唑三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌1周与2周疗效对比研究]. Chinese New Drugs Journal 1999;8(4):246‐8.
Hu 2003 {published data only}
    1. Hu FL, Jia JC, Li YL, Yang GB. Comparison of H2‐receptor antagonist‐ and proton‐pump inhibitor‐based triple regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer. The Journal of International Medical Research 2003;31(6):469‐74. - PubMed
Hu 2004 {published data only}
    1. Hu FL for Multiple Center Study Group In Beijing Area, China. Effects of different triple therapies on duodenal ulcer‐associated Helicobacter pylori infection and a one‐year follow‐up study [不同组合的三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡的疗效及一年随访研究]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (National Medical Journal of China) 2004;84(14):1161‐5. - PubMed
Hurenkamp 2000 {published data only}
    1. Hurenkamp GJ, Ende A, Grundmeijer HG, Tytgat GN, Hulst RW. Equally high efficacy of 4, 7 and 10‐day triple therapies to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with ulcer disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2000;14(8):1065‐70. - PubMed
Kang 2000a {published data only}
    1. Kang CD, Chun HJ, Park DK, Hur BW, Lee JW, Jee YT, et al. Significance of pretreatment of delta 13CO2 as predictor of success for H. pylori eradication. Gut 2000;47 Suppl 3:A120. Abstract P365.
Karatapanis 2011 {published data only}
    1. Karatapanis S, Georgopoulos SD, Papastergiou V, Skorda L, Papantoniou N, Lisgos P, et al. 7, 10 and 14‐days rabeprazole‐based standard triple therapies for H. pylori eradication: are they still effective? A randomized trial. Acta Gastroenterologica Belgica 2011;74(3):407‐12. - PubMed
Katicic 1997 {published data only}
    1. Katicic M, Presecki V, Marusic M, Prskalo M, Ticak M, Sabaric B, et al. Eradication of H. pylori infection with two triple‐therapy regimens of 7, 10 and 14 days. Gut 1997;41 Suppl 1:A100. Abstract#09/367.
Kaviani 2001 {published data only}
    1. Kaviani MJ, Malekzadeh R, Vahedi H, Sotoudeh M, Kamalian N, Amini M, et al. Various durations of a standard regimen (amoxycillin, metronidazole, colloidal bismuth sub‐citrate for 2 weeks or with additional ranitidine for 1 or 2 weeks) on eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Iranian peptic ulcer patients. A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2001;13(8):915‐9. - PubMed
Keum 2005 {published data only}
    1. Keum B, Lee SW, Kim SY, Kim MJ, Choung RS, Yim HJ, et al. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori eradication rate according to different PPI‐based triple therapy: omeprazole, rabeprazole, Esomeprazole and lansoprazol (in Korean). Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2005;46(6):433‐9. - PubMed
Kim 2007 {published data only}
    1. Kim BG, Lee DH, Ye BD, Lee KH, Kim BW, Kim SG, et al. Comparison of 7‐day and 14‐day proton pump inhibitor‐containing triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: neither treatment duration provides acceptable eradication rate in Korea. Helicobacter 2007;12(1):31‐5. - PubMed
Kim 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kim N, Park SH, Seo GS, Lee SW, Kim JW, Lee KJ, et al. Lafutidine versus lansoprazole in combination with clarithromycin and amoxicillin for one versus two weeks for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea. Helicobacter 2008;13(6):542‐9. - PubMed
Kiyota 1999 {published data only}
    1. Kiyota K, Habu Y, Sugano Y, Inokuchi H, Mizuno S, Kimoto K, et al. Comparison of 1‐week and 2‐week triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in peptic ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Gastroenterology 1999;34 Suppl XI:76‐9. - PubMed
Knigge 1999 {published data only}
    1. Knigge K, Kelly C, Peterson WL, Fennerty MB. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection after ranitidine bismuth citrate, metronidazole and tetracycline for 7 or 10 days. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1999;13(3):323‐6. - PubMed
Laine 1996 {published data only}
    1. Laine L, Estrada R, Trujillo M, Fukanaga K, Neil G. Randomized comparison of differing periods of twice‐a‐day triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1996;10(6):1029‐33. - PubMed
Lee 2004 {published data only}
    1. Lee D, Lee S, Chun H, Jung H, Kim J, Korean Helicobacter pylori study group. Two weeks triple regimens with PPI, clarithromycin and amoxicillin is more effective in H. pylori eradication than one week triple regimens in patients with peptic ulcer disease in South Korea. (Multicenter trial by Korean Helicobacter pylori Study Group). Helicobacter 2004;9 (5):570. Abstract #11.08.
Louw 1998a {published data only}
    1. Louw JA, Rensburg CJ, Moola S, Kotze D, Marks IN. Helicobacter pylori eradication and ulcer healing with daily lansoprazole, plus 1 or 2 weeks co‐therapy with amoxycillin and clarithromycin. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1998;12(9):881‐5. - PubMed
Louw 1998b {published data only}
    1. Louw JA, Rensburg CJ, Hanslo D, Grundlings HD, Girdwood AH, Marks IN. Two‐week course of pantoprazole combined with 1 week of amoxycillin and clarithromycin is effective in Helicobacter pylori eradication and duodenal ulcer healing. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1998;12(6):545‐50. - PubMed
Lv 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lv NH, Xie Y, Guo XB, Fan HZ, Tang JH, Zeng XP, et al. Eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcers based on furazolidone triple and quadruple therapy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Helicobacter 2011;16 Suppl 1:87 Abstract #WS5.3.
Maconi 2001 {published data only}
    1. Maconi G, Parente F, Russo A, Vago L, Imbesi V, Bianchi Porro G. Do some patients with Helicobacter pylori infection benefit from an extension to 2 weeks of a proton pump inhibitor‐based triple eradication therapy?. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001;96(2):359‐66. - PubMed
    1. Maconi G, Russo A, Imbesi V, Cucino C, Bianchi Porro G. Prolonging proton pump inhibitor‐based anti‐Helicobacter pylori treatment from one to two weeks in duodenal ulcer: is it worthwhile?. Digestive and Liver Disease 2000;32(4):275‐80. - PubMed
Mantzaris 1999 {published data only}
    1. Mantzaris GJ, Tzathas H, Petrak K, Spiliades C, Archavlis E, Amberiadis P, et al. A prospective study comparing various anti‐H. pylori treatment regimens for patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Gut 1999;45 Suppl 5:A192 Abstract #P0578.
Mesquita 2005 {published data only}
    1. Mesquita MA, Lorena SL, Almeida JR, Montes CG, Guerrazzi F, Campos LT, et al. One‐week dual therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate and clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005;11(23):3566‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Moayyedi 1996 {published data only}
    1. Moayyedi P, Langworthy H, Shanahan K, Tompkins DS, Dixon MF, Chalmers DM, et al. Comparison of one or two weeks of lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 1996;1(2):71‐4. - PubMed
Mones 1997 {published data only}
    1. Mones J, Sainz S, Sola‐Vera J, Richart E, Sancho FJ, Balanzo J. Helicobacter pylori eradication with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin: One week vs two weeks and reinfection rate at one year. Gastroenterology 1997;112(4):A224.
Muszynki 1992 {published data only}
    1. Muszynski J, Czyzyk A, Biernacka D, Pachecka J, Stepka M, Zalewski L. Combined treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection‐‐7‐day or 14‐day treatment? [Skojarzone leczenie zakazenia Helicobacter pylori‐terapia 7 czy 14‐dniowa?]. Polski Tygodnik Lekarski 1992;47(29‐30):642‐5. - PubMed
Nakagawa 1999 {published data only}
    1. Nakagawa M, Ooishi M, Yoda Y, Kawamura N, Ooizumi H, Saitou M, Nakagawa S. A comparative study; one week treatment versus two weeks treatment with lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patient with gastric and duodenal ulcer [Japanese]. Nippon Rinsho 1999;57(1):144‐7. - PubMed
Palmas 2002 {published data only}
    1. Palmas F, Pellicano R, Massimetti E, Berrutti M, Fagoonee S, Rizzetto M. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection with proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy. A randomised study. Panminerva Medica 2002;44(2):145‐7. - PubMed
Paoluzi 1998 {published data only}
    1. Paoluzi P, Rossi P, Consolazio A, Paoluzi OA, Pietroiusti A, Maggio F, et al. A single‐blind, monocentric study of four treatments for H. pylori eradication: an interim report. Gastroenterology 1998;114(4 Suppl 2):A252‐3. Abstract G1039.
Paoluzi 2006 {published data only}
    1. Paoluzi P, Iacopini F, Crispino P, Nardi F, Bella A, Rivera M, et al. 2‐week triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection is better than 1‐week in clinical practice: a large prospective single‐center randomized study. Helicobacter 2006;11(6):562‐8. - PubMed
Park 2009a {published and unpublished data}
    1. Park SH, Chun HJ, Choi HS, Lee KG, Kim JH, Hyun JJ, et al. The 10‐day sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea: Less effective than expected. Gut 2009;58 Suppl II:A256. Abstract#P0726.
Pellicano 2002 {published data only}
    1. Pellicano R, Palmas F, Ponzetto A, Astegiano M, Smedile A, Morgando A, et al. Decreasing eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection with metronidazole‐based triple therapy. A randomised study. Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica 2002;48(3):265‐70. - PubMed
Pozzato 1998 {published data only}
    1. Pozzato P, Zagari M, Cardelli A, Catalano FA, Giglio A, Lami F, et al. Ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin 7‐day regimen is effective in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1998;12(5):447‐51. - PubMed
Riquelme 2007 {published data only}
    1. Riquelme A, Soza A, Pedreros C, Bustamante A, Valenzuela F, Otarola F, et al. Optimal length of triple therapy for H pylori eradication in a population with high prevalence of infection in Chile. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007;13(21):2967‐72. - PMC - PubMed
Robles‐Jara 2008 {published data only}
    1. Robles‐Jara C, Robles‐Medranda C, Moncayo M, Landivar B, Parrales J. Is a 7‐day Helicobater pylori treatment enough for eradication and inactivation of gastric inflammatory activity?. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008;14(18):2838‐43. - PMC - PubMed
Sacco 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sacco F, Spezzaferro M, Amitrano M, Grossi L, Manzoli L, Marzio L. Efficacy of four different moxifloxacin‐based triple therapies for first‐line H. pylori treatment. Digestive and Liver Disease 2010;42(2):110‐4. - PubMed
Savarino 1999 {published data only}
    1. Savarino V, Zentilin P, Bisso G, Pivari M, Bilardi C, Biagini R, et al. Optimal duration of therapy combining ranitidine bismuth citrate with clarithromycin and metronidazole in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1999;13(1):43‐7. - PubMed
Scaccianoce 2006 {published data only}
    1. Scaccianoce G, Hassan C, Panarese A, Piglionica D, Morini S, Zullo A. Helicobacter pylori eradication with either 7‐day or 10‐day triple therapies, and with a 10‐day sequential regimen. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 2006;20(2):113‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Scaccianoce 2008 {published data only}
    1. Scaccianoce G, Zullo A, Hassan C, Gentili F, Cristofari F, Cardinale V, et al. Triple therapies plus different probiotics for Helicobacter pylori eradication. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2008;12(4):251‐6. - PubMed
Simsek 1999 {published data only}
    1. Simsek I, Soyturk M, Akpinar H, Ellidokuz E, Topalak O, Okan E, et al. The comparison of the efficiency of the efficiency of one and two weeks lansoprazole, amoxycillin, clarithromycin (LAC) treatment protocols in the eradication of Helicobacter Pylori by using urea breath test. Gut 1999;45 Suppl 5:A274. Abstract #P1037.
Sun 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sun Q, Liang X, Zheng Q, Liu W, Xiao S, Gu W, Lu H. High efficacy of 14‐day triple therapy‐based, bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for initial Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2010;15(3):233‐8. - PubMed
Suriani 2008 {published data only}
    1. Suriani R, Serra A, Vernetto A, Mazzucco D, Grosso S, Morgando A, et al. Probiotic supplementation improves tolerance to H. pylori eradication therapy in dyspeptic patients: preliminary data of a multicenter, controlled, double‐blind randomized pilot study. Helicobacter 2008;13 (5):470.
Vakil 2004 {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Lanza F, Schwartz H, Barth J. Seven‐day therapy for Helicobacter pylori in the United States. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2004;20(1):99‐107. - PubMed
Wong 2000 {published data only}
    1. Wong BC, Xiao SD, Hu FL, Qian SC, Huang NX, Li YY, et al. Comparison of lansoprazole‐based triple and dual therapy for treatment of Helicobacter pylori‐related duodenal ulcer: an Asian multicentre double‐blind randomized placebo controlled study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2000;14(2):217‐24. - PubMed
Yang 1999 {published data only}
    1. Yang JC, Yang KC, Hsu CT, Wang CS, Kuo CF, Wang TH. A multicenter study on eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcer by lansoprazole‐antibiotics combined therapy. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection 1999;32(1):1‐8. - PubMed
Zagari 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zagari RM, Bianchi‐Porro G, Fiocca R, Gasbarrini G, Roda E, Bazzoli F. Comparison of 1 and 2 weeks of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication: the HYPER Study. Gut 2007;56(4):475‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Zheng 2009 {published data only}
    1. Zheng Q, Dai J, Li X, Lu H, Xiao S. Comparison of the efficacy of pantoprazole based triple therapy versus quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A single‐center, randomized, open and parallel‐controlled study [以泮托拉唑为基础的三联和四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌疗效比较一项单中心、随机、开放、平行对照研究]. Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;14(1):8–11.

References to studies excluded from this review

Aragona 2002 {published data only}
    1. Aragona G, Bo N, Anna I, Cavestro GM, Moussa AM, Iori V, et al. Lactoferrin in a 7 days triple therapy forHelicobacter Pylori eradication: results of an open randomized trial. Gut 2002;51 Suppl 3:A 109. Abstract MON‐G‐408.
Aragona 2003a {published data only}
    1. Aragona G, Mario F, Cavallaro LG, Cavestro GM, Iori V, Comparato G, et al. Lactoferrin in a 1‐Week Triple Therapy for Eradication of H. pylori. Helicobacter 2003;8:463. Abstract 16.06.
Aragona 2003b {published data only}
    1. Aragona G, Dal Bo' N, Comparato G, Leandro G, Carloni C, Liatopoulou S, et al. Lactoferrin in a one week triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori. Gastroenterology 2003;124(4 Suppl 1):Abstract M1505.
Armuzzi 2001 {published data only}
    1. Armuzzi A, Cremonini F, Ojetti V, Bartolozzi F, Canducci F, Candelli M, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on antibiotic‐associated gastrointestinal side effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a pilot study. Digestion 2001;63(1):1‐7. - PubMed
Basu 2009a {published data only}
    1. Basu PP, Rayapudi K, Pacana T, Shah NJ. A randomized open‐label clinical trial with levofloxacin, omeprazole, Alinia (nitazoxanide) and doxycycline (LOAD) versus lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (LAC) in the treatment naive Helicobacter pylori population. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;104 Suppl 3:S404. Abstract 1100.
Basu 2009b {published data only}
    1. Basu PP, Rayapudi K, Pacana T, Ramamurthy S. A randomized open‐label clinical trial with Levofloxacin, Omeprazole, Alinia (nitazoxanide), and Doxycycline (LOAD) versus Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin (LAC) in the treatment naive Helicobacter pylori population. Gastroenterology 2009;136(5 Suppl 1):A24. Abstract 131.
Bazzoli 1999 {published data only}
    1. Bazzoli F, Bianchi Porro G, Fiocca R, Gasbarrini G, Roda E, Zagari RM. Eradication of HP with omeprazole plus amoxicillin or amoxicillin and clarithromycin for 1 or 2 weeks in patients with duodenal ulcer. Gut 1999;45 Suppl 5:A6. Abstract 05.07. - PMC - PubMed
Bazzoli 2000a {published data only}
    1. Bazzoli F, Bianchi Porro G, Fiocca R, Gasbarrinini G, Roda E, Zagari RM. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and ulcer healing in patients with duodenal ulcer by one‐week or two week omeprazole triple therapy. Gut 2000;46 Suppl 2:Abstract TH49.
Bazzoli 2000b {published data only}
    1. Bazzoli F, Bianchi Porro G, Roda E, Gasbarrini GB, Zagari RM, on behalf of the participants at the HYPER study group. Efficacy of omeprazole plus amoxicillin or amoxicillin plus clarithromycin for 1 week or 2 weeks for helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with duodenal ulcer. Gastroenterology 2000;118 Suppl 2:Abstract 2651.
Bell 1995 {published data only}
    1. Bell GD, Powell KU, Burridge SM, Bowden AF, Atoyebi W, Bolton GH, et al. Rapid eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1995;9(1):41‐6. - PubMed
Boudjella 2009 {published data only}
    1. Boudjella M, Matougui N, Tebaibia A, Oumnia N, Lahcene M, Mouffok F, et al. Factors influencing the efficacy of first‐line treatment of H. pylori injection in Algerian patients. Helicobacter 2009;14(4):350.
Brecken 1999 {published data only}
    1. Brecken RK, Valle PC, Gangsoey Kristiansen M, Nordgaaard K, Wessel‐Berg AM, Bogsrud TV. Tolerance, duration and efficacy of 5 and 7 days low‐dose proton pump inhibitor triple Helicobacter pylori therapy compared to 10 days bismuth triple therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement 1999;229:8.
Calderon 2002 {published data only}
    1. Calderon IE, Reed G, Orozco A, Blancas JM, Arino M, Tamayo JL, et al. Open‐label, multicenter, comparative study of therapy with triple drug trial for eradication of Helicobacter pylori with sodium rabeprazole, ofloxacin and amoxicillin. Comparative trial of 7 vs. 14 days treatment. European Helicobacter Study Group. XVth International Workshop 2002; abstract book. 2002:A98. Abstract 15.33.
Calvet 2000 {published data only}
    1. Calvet X, García N, López T, Gisbert JP, Gené E, Roque M. A meta‐analysis of short versus long therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and either metronidazole or amoxycillin for treating Helicobacter pylori infection. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2000;14(5):603‐9. - PubMed
Calvet 2001 {published data only}
    1. Calvet X, Gené E, López T, Gisbert JP. What is the optimal length of proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapies for H. pylori? A cost‐effectiveness analysis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001;15(7):1067‐76. - PubMed
Calvet 2004 {published data only}
    1. Calvet X, Helicobacter pylori working group of the Asociacion Espanola de Gastroenterologia (AEG). Randomised controlled trial comparing 7 vs. 10 days of triple therapy using rabeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication. Preliminary results. Helicobacter 2004;9:Abstract 11.13.
Calvet 2005b {published data only}
    1. Calvet X, Ducons J, Bujanda L, Bory F, Montserrat A, Gisbert JP. Seven vs. ten‐day rabeprazole triple therapy for Helicobacter Pylori eradication: a multicenter, randomized trial. Gastroenterology 2005;128(4 Suppl 2):A425. Abstract T945. - PubMed
Cardelli 1997 {published data only}
    1. Cardelli A, Cordiano C, Giglio A, Lami F, Pilotto A, Pozzato P, et al. A new dual 7‐day therapy is effective in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients. Gut 1997;41 Suppl 3:Abstract P750.
Castro 2001 {published data only}
    1. Castro E, Galindo E, for PANTOPYLORI. Efficacy on eradication of H. pylori with three different schedules. Gastroenterology 2001;120(5 Suppl 1):A‐581. Abstract #2952.
Cerqueira 2011 {published data only}
    1. Cerqueira RM, Manso MC, Correia MR, Fernandes CD, Vilar H, Nora M, Martins P. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery‐‐fourteen days superior to seven days?. Obesity Surgery 2011;21(9):1377‐81. - PubMed
Chen 1995 {published data only}
    1. Chen TS. Tsay SH. Chang FY. Lee SD. Triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and reduction of duodenal ulcer relapse: comparison of 1 week and 2 week regimens and recrudescence rates over 12 months. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1995;10(3):300‐5. - PubMed
Chen 1996a {published data only}
    1. Chen S, Chen Z, Bei L. Omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection [Chinese]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi (National Medical Journal of China) 1996;35(12):799‐802. - PubMed
Chen 1996b {published data only}
    1. Chen SP, Lian B, Wen SH. Triple therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1996;39 Suppl 3:A145. Abstract #823.
Ching 1997 {published data only}
    1. Ching CK, Chan YK, Ng WC. The combination of omeprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin eradicates Helicobacter Pylori in 95% of cases‐7 day equals 10‐days therapy. Gastroenterology 1997;112 Suppl 1:A87. - PubMed
Choi 2006 {published data only}
    1. Choi M, Oh JH, Kwon JH, Palk CN, Park JM, Choi YK, et al. Effect of CYP2C19 genotype on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection by pantoprazole based triple therapy in Koreans. Gut. 2006; Vol. UEGW Suppl:abstract MON‐G‐51.
Chun 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chun H, Hyun J, Park S, Keum B, Seo Y. The 10‐day sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea: Less effective than expected. International Journal of Medicine 2010;40 Suppl 1:85. Abstract #69.
Daghaghzadeh 2005 {published data only}
    1. Dagagzadeh H, Emami MH, Karimi S, Esmaeili A. One‐week versus two‐week furazolidone based quadruple therapy as the first‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Iran. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 2005;19(Suppl C):R.0224. - PubMed
Dammann 1997 {published data only}
    1. Dammann HG, Folsch UR, Hahn EG, et al. 7 vs 14 day treatment with pantoprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole for cure of H. pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients. Gut 1997;41 Suppl 1:A95. Abstract 09/349.
de Silva 2004 {published data only}
    1. Silva HA, Hewavisenthi J, Pathmeswaran A, Dassanayake AS, Navaratne NM, Peiris R, et al. Comparison of one week and two weeks of triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a Sri Lankan population: a randomised, controlled study. Ceylon Medical Journal 2004;49(4):118‐22. - PubMed
Di Caro 2001a {published data only}
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Di Caro 2001b {published data only}
    1. Caro S, Zocco MA, Cremonini F, Armuzi A, Santarelli L, Candelli E, et al. Efficacy of 5,7 and 10 days of levofloxacin‐based dual therapy for H pylori eradication. Gut 2001;49 Suppl 2:A105. Abstract 15/31.
Di Caro 2001c {published data only}
    1. Caro S, Zocco MA, Cremonini F, Armuzzi A, Candelli M, Torre HS, et al. Lack of efficacy of a levofloxacin‐based dual therapy for H. Pylori eradication. Gastroenterology 2001;120(5 Suppl 1):A581. Abstract 2953.
Di Caro 2002b {published data only}
    1. Caro S, Zocco M, Cremonini F, Candelli M, Bartolozzi F, Armuzzi A, et al. Different schedule of levofloxacin based therapy in H. pylori infection. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2002;17 Suppl:A234. Abstract P.B.020.
Di Mario 1999 {published data only}
    1. Mario F, Dai Bo N, Battaglia G, Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Marin R, et al. Are 6 days of a triple clarithromycin based therapy sufficient to obtain the cure ofH. pylori infection?. Gut 1999;45 Suppl 5:A271. Abstract P1023.
Di Mario 2002 {published data only}
    1. Mario F, Aragona 1 G, Dal Bo N, Ingegnoli A, Cavestro GM, Moussa AM, et al. Potential use of lactoferrin in a 7 days triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: preliminary results. European Helicobacter Study Group. XVth International Workshop; abstract book. 2002:A98. Abstract 15.30.
Di Mario 2003b {published data only}
    1. Mario F, Aragona G, Dal Bo N, Ingegnoli A, Cavestro GM, Moussa AM, et al. Use of lactoferrin for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Preliminary results. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2003;36(5):396‐8. - PubMed
Flores 2010 {published data only}
    1. Flores HB, Salvana A, Ang ER, Estanislao NI, Velasquez ME, Ong J, et al. Duration of proton‐pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A meta‐analysis. Gastroenterology 2010;138(5 Suppl 1):S340.
Ford 2003 {published data only}
    1. Ford A, Moayyedi P. How can the current strategies for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy be improved?. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 2003;17 Suppl B:36B‐40B. - PubMed
Fuccio 2007 {published data only}
    1. Fuccio L, Minardi ME, Zagari RM, Grilli D, Magrini N, Bazzoli F. Meta‐analysis: duration of first‐line proton‐pump inhibitor based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Annals of Internal Medicine 2007;147(8):553‐62. - PubMed
Gené 2006 {published data only}
    1. Gené E, Calvet X, Azagra R, Gisbert JP. Seven or ten days? Cost‐effectiveness study on the duration of H. pylori treatment in primary care [Siete o diez dias? Estudio de coste‐efectividad sobre la duracion del tratamiento de la infeccion por H. pylori en atencion primaria]. Atencion Primaria 2006;38(10):555‐62. - PMC - PubMed
Giasi‐Gonzalez 2004 {published data only}
    1. Giasi‐Gonzalez E, Martínez Vázquez M, Garza‐Gonzalez E, et al. Randomized controlled trial: 7 vs. 14 days of a triple therapy of amoxicillin‐clarithromycin rabeprazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and its correlation with the CYP2C19 genotype. Helicobacter 2004;9(5):574. Abstract 11.19.
Gisbert 2005b {published data only}
    1. Gisbert JP, Dominguez‐Munoz A, Dominguez‐Martin A, Gisbert JL, Marcos S, Pajares JM. Esomeprazole‐based therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication: Any effect by increasing the dose of esomeprazole or prolonging the treatment?. Helicobacter 2005;10(5):530. Abstract 11.07. - PubMed
Greenberg 2011 {published data only}
    1. Greenberg ER, Anderson GL, Morgan DR, Torres J, Chey WD, Bravo LE, et al. 14‐day triple, 5‐day concomitant, and 10‐day sequential therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in seven Latin American sites: a randomised trial. Lancet 2011;378(9790):507‐14. - PMC - PubMed
Habu 1997 {published data only}
    1. Habu Y, Mizuno S, Hirano S, Kiyota K, Hayakumo T, Inokuchi H, et al. Randomized comparison of 1 week and 2 weeks of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin treatment for the cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric and duodenal ulcer patients. Gastroenterology 1997;112 Suppl:A136.
Hasan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hasan SR, Vahid V, Reza PM, Roham SR. Short‐duration furazolidone therapy in combination with amoxicillin, bismuth subcitrate, and omeprazole for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;16(1):14‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Herba 2009 {published data only}
    1. Herba K, Szilagyi A, Fallone C. Initial therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in a Canadian real life setting: An interim analysis comparing 7 and 14 day triple therapy regimens. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;23:Abstract #95.
Iwasaki 1997 {published data only}
    1. Iwasaki A, Nakajima N. Ushiyama K, et al. Study of the usefulness of measurement of serum pepsinogen in eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1997;112 Suppl 1:A159. Abstract #G0625.
Jung 2006 {published data only}
    1. Jung S, Lee S, Koo J, Yim H, Lee H, Choi J, et al. Effecacy of proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic liver disease and peptic ulcer. Helicobacter 2006;11:414. Abstract 17.06.
Jung 2008 {published data only}
    1. Jung HS, Shim KN, Kang MJ, Jung JM, Ha CY, Na YJ. Comparison of the H. pylori eradication rate according to the duration of first‐line triple therapy: a meta‐analysis. Gastroenterology 2008;134(4 Suppl 1):P‐268. Abstract #T1647.
Kamberoglou 2001 {published data only}
    1. Kamberoglou D, Polymeros D, Sanidas I, Doulgeroglou V, Savva S, Patra E, et al. Comparison of 1‐week vs. 2‐ or 4‐week therapy regimens with ranitidine bismuth citrate plus two antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001;15(9):1493‐7. - PubMed
Kang 2000b {published data only}
    1. Kang CD, Chun HJ, Hur BW, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Song CW, et al. Significance of pretreatment 13CO2 as predictor of success for H. pylori eradication. Gastroenterology 2000;118 Suppl 2:Abstract 4715.
Karatapanis 2000 {published data only}
    1. Karatapanis S, Georgopoulos S, Papakonstantinou L, Papamarkos D, Mentis A, Artikis V. Rabeprazole 7‐days vs rabeprazole 10‐days triple therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection ‐ A randomized study. Gut 2000;47 Suppl 1:A107. Abstract 15/35.
Karatapanis 2005 {published data only}
    1. Karatapanis S, Georgopoulos S, Skorda L, Papantoniou N, Komnianides K, Lisgos P, et al. Rabeprazole 7‐days vs. rabeprazole 10‐days vs. rabeprazole 14 days triple therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection‐ a randomized study. Gastroenterology 2005;128(4 Suppl 2):A‐428. Abstract T958.
Karatapanis 2007 {published data only}
    1. Karatapanis S, Georgopoulos S, Skorda L, Papantoniou N, Mathaios I, Lisgos P, et al. Triple regimen of variable duration (7 days vs 10 days vs 14 days), based on rabeprazole, in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. A randomized study. Gut 2007;56 (Suppl 3):Abstract #Mon‐G‐59.
Katicic 1996 {published data only}
    1. Katicic M, Presecki V, Marusic M, Prskalo M, Ticak B, Sabaric B, et al. Eradication of H. pylori infection in peptic ulcers with four different drug regimens. Gut 1996;39 Suppl 3:A144. Abstract # 817.
Katicic 2006 {published data only}
    1. Katicic M, Ticak M, Prskalo M, Naumovski‐Mihalic S, Fillipec‐Kanizaj T, Skurla B, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection with two triple‐therapy regimes of 7, 10, and 14 days; four years experience. Helicobacter 2006;11:386. Abstract # 11.05.
Khu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Khu JV, Lim LL. Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens: Is there a difference?. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 2010;40(3):194‐8.
Kim 2001 {published data only}
    1. Kim YB, Chun HJ, JeenYT, Lee JW, Song CW. H. pylori eradication rate according to the duration of triple therapy in Korea: meta‐analysis evaluation of H. pylori trial. Gastroenterology 2001;120(5 Suppl 1):A‐583. Abstract#2965.
Knigge 1998 {published data only}
    1. Knigge, K, Kelly, C, Fennerty, MB, Peterson WK. A multicenter randomized trial with twice daily ranitidine bismuth‐citrate (R), metronidazole (M) and tetracycline (T) for 7 or 10 days for eradication of H‐pylori infection. Gastroenterology 1998;114(4 Suppl 2):Abstract G0736.
Krause 1997 {published data only}
    1. Krause R, Pruitt R, Lukasik N, Thomas J, Fennerty B. 10 vs 14 day triple therapy with lansoprazole (Prevacid), amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Gut 1997;41 Suppl:A101. Abstract 09/373.
Labenz 1993 {published data only}
    1. Labenz J, Gyenes E, Ruhl GH, Borsch G. Omeprazole plus amoxicillin: efficacy of various treatment regimens to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. American Journal of Gastroenterology 1993;88(4):491‐5. - PubMed
Lamouliatte 1998 {published data only}
    1. Lamouliatte H, Forestier S, Perie F. Lansoprazole (Lanso) 30 mg or 60 mg combined with two antibiotics (AMOX) and clarithromycin (Clari) to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Gut 1998;43 Suppl 2:A80‐1. Abstract 10/275.
Lamouliatte 2000 {published data only}
    1. Lamouliatte H, Perie F, Joubert‐Collin M. Lansoprazole 30 mg or 60 mg combined with two antibiotics (amoxicillin and clarithromycin) to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcers [French]. Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique 2000;24(5):495‐500. - PubMed
Lanza 2002 {published data only}
    1. Lanza F, Kovacs T, Hahne W, Barth J, Sontag S. Rabeprazole‐based triple therapy is safe and well tolerated in Helicobacter pylori eradication: findings from a large US multicenter trial. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97 Suppl 9:S24. Abstract 71.
Lee 1997 {published data only}
    1. Lee SW, Jin YT, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS, Hyun JH. The patients' compliance of anti‐Helicobacter pylori triple regimen with low dose clarithromycin in Korea. Gut 1997;41 (UEGW Suppl):Abstract P745.
Lee 1998 {published data only}
    1. Lee KH, Kim NY, Ko YH, et al. Triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori in patients with peptic ulcer [Korean]. Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 1998;31(5):605‐14.
Lee 2004b {published data only}
    1. Lee S, Keum B, Chung R, Lee H, Um S, Choi J, et al. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori eradication rate according to proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy: omeprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole and lansoprazole. Helicobacter 2004;9:579. Abstract 11.34. - PubMed
Lee 2006 {published data only}
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Liao 2002 {published data only}
    1. Liao CC, Lee CL, Lee HY, Wu CH, Chen TK, Tu TC, et al. Efficacy of different therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication pylori eradication: A 5‐year experience in a single center. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97 Suppl:S245. Abstract 748.
Lopez‐Roman 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lopez‐Roman O, Warrington E, Cruz‐Correa MR, Toro DH. 10‐Day and 14‐day sequential therapy vs. standard triple therapy for helicobacter pylori infection in a Puerto Rican treatment‐naive population: An interim analysis. Gastroenterology 2011;140(5 Suppl 1):S149.
Maconi 1998 {published data only}
    1. Maconi G, Imbesi V, Lazzaroni M, Bargiggia S, DiPidtro C, Morelli P, et al. One vs two week regimens of lansoprazole (L), amoxicillin (A), and clarithromycin (C) for duodenal ulcer (DU) healing and H. pylori (Hp) eradication. Digestion 1998;59 Suppl 3:419. Abstract ExhB3164.
Maconi 1999 {published data only}
    1. Maconi G, Imbesi V, Russo A, et al. Prolongation of a PPI‐based triple therapy from one to two weeks is of benefit to patients with high H. pylori density and current smokers. Gut 1999;45 Suppl V:A5. Abstract 05.03.
Makarenka 2004 {published data only}
    1. Makarenka AU, Pimanau SI. Results of eradication with classical triple and furazolidone‐based regimens in patients with high bacterial density of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2004;9(5):580. Abstract 11.37.
Makarenka 2005 {published data only}
    1. Makarenka AV, Pimanov SI. Eradication rate after randomized treatment in a population with high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. Helicobacter 2005;10:535. Abstract #11.22.
Matougui 2009 {published data only}
    1. Matougui N, Boudjella ML, Mouffok F, Bouhadef A, Guechi Z, Bouzid K, et al. H. pylori eradication by four triple therapies: Randomized study in double‐blind. Helicobacter 2009;14 (4):403.
Miwa 1998 {published data only}
    1. Miwa H, Ohkura R, Murai T, Nagahara A, Yamada T, Ogihara T, et al. Effectiveness of omeprazole‐amoxicillin‐clarithromycin (OAC) therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in a Japanese population. Helicobacter 1998;3(2):132‐8. - PubMed
Moayyedi 1995 {published data only}
    1. Moayyedi P, Tompkins DS, Shanaghan K, Langworthy H, Axon ATR. Comparison of one and 2 weeks of lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin in eradicating H.pylori. Gut 1995;37 Suppl 2:A7. Abstract W25.
Nishikawa 1999 {published data only}
    1. Nishikawa K, Sugiyama T, Ishizuka J, Kudo T, Komatsu Y, Katagiri M, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori using 30 mg or 60 mg lansoprazole combined with amoxicillin and metronidazole: one and two weeks of a new triple therapy. Journal of Gastroenterology 1999;34 Suppl XI:72‐5. - PubMed
Ogura 2000 {published data only}
    1. Ogura K, Yoshida H, Maeda S, Yamaji Y, Mitsuno Y, Akanuma M, et al. Triple therapy with faropenem against drug‐resistant helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 2000;118 Suppl 2:Abstract #2679.
Ogura 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ogura K, Mitsuno Y, Maeda S, Hirata Y, Yanai A, Shibata W, et al. Efficacy and safety of faropenem in eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2007;12(6):618‐22. - PubMed
Oh 2006 {published data only}
    1. Oh JH, Choi M, Dong M, Park J, Kwon J, Pail C, et al. Effect of CYP2C19 genotype on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection by pantoprazole based triple therapy in Koreans. Gut 2006;55 (UEGW suppl):Abstract MON‐G‐51.
Oqura 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ogura K, Mitsuno Y, Maeda S, Hirata Y, Yanai A, Shibata W, et al. Efficacy and safety of faropenem in eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2007;12(6):618‐22. - PubMed
Paoluzi 2001 {published data only}
    1. Paoluzi P, Lacopini F, Consolazio A, et al. Two week PPI‐based triple therapy with amoxycillin and clarithromycin has a higher efficacy in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Gut 2001;49 Suppl 3:A 2545.
Park 2009b {published data only}
    1. Park SH, Chun HJ, Kim ES, Park SC, Jung ES, Lee SD, et al. The 10‐day sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea: Less effective than expected. Gastroenterology 2009;136(5 Suppl 1):A399‐40. Abstract#M1053.
Pimanov 2005 {published data only}
    1. Pimanov SI, Makarenka AV, Matveenko ME. Eradication and reinfection rates after randomized treatment in a population with high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 2005;54 Suppl 7:A127. Abstract. MON‐G‐214.
Rodionoff 1990 {published data only}
    1. Rodionoff P, Hyland L, Ostapowicz N, et al. Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: 1, 2 or 4 weeks?. Sydney, Australia: World Congress of Gastroenterology. August, 1990:Abstract PP938.
Rodríguez 2003 {published data only}
    1. Rodríguez W, Pareja Cruz A, Yushimito L, Ramírez Ramos A, Gilman RH, Watanabe Yamamoto J, et al. Omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin in the treatment of helicobacter pylori, in 7 and 10‐day regimens [Tratamiento del Helicobacter Pylori con Omeprazole, Amoxicilina y Clarithromicina en esquemas de 7 y 10 dias]. Revista Gastroenterología del Perú 2003;23(3):177‐83. - PubMed
Rodríguez Téllez 1999 {published data only}
    1. Rodríguez Téllez M, Valenzuela Barranco M, Caballero Plasencia A, Martín Ruiz J, López‐Andrade A, Carmona Soria I, et al. Morphometric estimation of acid output in duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Revista Española de Enfermedades de Digestivas 1999;91(8):549‐58. - PubMed
Rogha 2009 {published data only}
    1. Rogha M, Pourmoghaddas Z, Rezaee M, Shirneshan K, Shahi Z. Azithromycin effect on helicobacter pylori eradication: double blind randomized clinical trial. Hepatogastroenterology 2009;56(91‐92):722‐4. - PubMed
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    1. Sacco F, Spezzaferro M, Serio M, Amitrano M, Cerasa B, Grossi L, Marzio L. Effect of three different regimens with esomeprazole, amoxicillin, and moxifloxacin in the treatment of primary H. pylori Infection. Gastroenterology 2008;134(4 Suppl):A24. Abstract 140.
Salandin 1995 {published data only}
    1. Salandin S, Battaglia G, Dal Bo N, Lecis PE, Pilotto A, Ferrana M, et al. Clarithromycin for the cure of H.pylori infection: one or 2 weeks of treatment?. Gastroenterology 1995;108:A207.
Schwartz 2002 {published data only}
    1. Schwartz H, Monkemuller K, Perdomo C, Barth J, Stanton D. Helicobacter pylori eradication with rabeprazole‐based triple therapy: findings in 803 patients with antibiotic‐sensitive and resistant strains. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97(9 Suppl):S21. Abstract 63.
Sharma 2002 {published data only}
    1. Sharma MP, Chaudhary A, Ahuja V. Three weeks triple therapy is better than two or one week therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2002;17 Suppl:A24. Abstract P.B.005.
Simsek 2000 {published data only}
    1. Simsek I. Reinfection rate of Helicobacter Pylori infection after one and two weeks triple. A 17‐month follow‐up study. Gut 2000;47 Suppl 3:A103. Abstract P296.
Utzon 1994 {published data only}
    1. Utzon P, Aabakken L, Sandstad O, Guldvog I, Skar V. Eradication of helicobacter pylori with 10 or 14 days of bismuth triple regimes. Gut 1994;35 Suppl IV:A150.
Uygun 1999 {published data only}
    1. Uygun A, Ates Y, Erdil A, Kadayifci A, Cetin C, Gulsen M, et al. Efficacy of omeprazole plus two antimicrobials for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a Turkish population. Clinical Therapeutics 1999;21(9):1539‐48. - PubMed
Vakil 2002a {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Schwartz H, Lanza F, Nardi L, Hahne W, Barth J. A prospective, controlled, randomised trial of 3‐,7‐ and 10‐day rabeprazole based triple therapy for H. pylori eradication in the USA. Gastroenterology 2002;122(4 Suppl):A 65. Abstract 551.
Vakil 2002b {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Schwarz H, Lanza F, Hahne W, Barth J. Seven‐day rabeprazole‐based triple therapy for H. pylori eradication is as effective as 10‐day omeprazole‐based triple therapy. European Helicobacter Study Group. XVth International Workshop 2002. Abstract book. 2002:A95. Abstract 15.19.
Vakil 2002c {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Kovacs T, Ignatowitz W, Hahne W, Barth J. Presence or absence of peptic ulcer disease does not affect H. pylori eradication rates with rabeprazole‐based triple therapy. European Helicobacter Study Group. XVth International Workshop 2002. Abstract book. 2002:A95. Abstract 15.09.
Vakil 2002d {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Kovacs T, Barth J. Antibiotic resistance accounts for only one third of treatment failures with triple therapy for H.pylori. Gut 2002;51 Suppl 3:A215. Abstract TUE‐G‐488.
Vakil 2002e {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Schwartz H, Lanza F, Barth J. Safety and tolerability of rabeprazole‐based triple therapy for Helicobacter eradication in a large US trial. Gut 2002;51 Suppl 3:A110. Abstract MON‐G‐412.
Vakil 2002f {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Jayanty V, Stanton D, Perdomo C, Hahne W, Barth J. Antibiotic sensitivity in a large US multicenter trial of rabeprazole‐based triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Gastroenterology 2002;122(4 Suppl 1):A9. Abstract 63.
Vakil 2002g {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Schwartz H, Perdomo C, Barth J, Sontag S. Racial demographics do not affect efficacy of rabeprazole‐based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97(9 Suppl):S17. Abstract 50.
Vakil 2002h {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Stanton D, Hahne W, Barth J, Kovacs T. Consistent Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with rabeprazole‐based triple therapy across demographic subgroups. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97(9 Suppl):S21. Abstract 62.
Vakil 2003a {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Perdomo C, Barth J, et al. Clarithromycin resistance and H. pylori eradication rates in US racial groups with rabeprazole‐based triple therapy. Gastroenterology 2003;123(4 Suppl 1):Abstract M1495.
Vakil 2003b {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Perdomo C, Barth J. Density of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) organisms does not affect eradication rates in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and non‐peptic ulcer disease (NPUD). Gastroenterology 2003;123(4 Suppl 1):Abstract S1244.
Vakil 2003c {published data only}
    1. Vakil N, Perdomo C, Barth J. The effect of gastritis on Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication rates with triple therapy. Gastroenterology 2003;123(4 Suppl 1):Abstract 771.
Xiang 2007 {published data only}
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Zullo 2004 {published data only}
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References to studies awaiting assessment

Chen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Chen W, Zhang GY, Zeng Y, Li Q, Xu MH, Liu T. Furazolidone‐based quadruple therapy as first‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection [含呋喃唑酮四联一线方案初治幽门螺杆菌的临床观察]. World Chinese Journal of Digestology 2013;21(14):1366‐71.
Choi 2012 {published data only}
    1. Choi HS, Chun HJ, Park SH, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, et al. Comparison of sequential and 7‐, 10‐, 14‐d triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012;18(19):2377‐82. - PMC - PubMed
Fallone 2013 {published data only}
    1. Fallone CA, Barkun AN, Szilagyi A, Herba KM, Sewitch M, Martel M, et al. Prolonged treatment duration is required for successful Helicobacter pylori eradication with proton pump inhibitor triple therapy in Canada. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 2013;27(7):397‐402. - PMC - PubMed
Konorev 2012 {published data only}
    1. Konorev MR. Use of the immunopotentiator N‐acetyl‐glucosamine‐N‐acetylmuramyl dipeptide during triple anti‐Helicobacter pylori therapy. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 2012;84(12):66‐70. - PubMed
Lv 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lv N, Xie Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Liu W, Zhang Z, et al. Furazolidone‐based triple and quadruple eradication therapy for H. pylori infection. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2013; Vol. 28 (Suppl 3):1‐22. Abastract 00029.
Prasertpetmanee 2013 {published data only}
    1. Prasertpetmanee S, Mahachai V, Vilaichone R. Reliable efficacy of 14‐day high dose PPI triple therapy for helicobacter pylori eradication independent effect of CYP2C19 genotype and high prevalence of metronidazole resistance in Thailand. Helicobacter. 2012; Vol. 17:99.
    1. Prasertpetmanee S, Mahachai V, Vilaichone RK. High efficacy of 14‐day high dose PPI triple therapy for H. pylori eradication independent effect of CYP2C19 genotype in Thailand. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2012; Vol. 27:61.
    1. Prasertpetmanee S, Mahachai V, Vilaichone RK. Improved efficacy of PPI‐amoxicillin‐clarithromycin triple therapy for H. Pylori eradication in low clarithromycin resistance areas or for tailored therapy. Gastroenterology. 2013; Vol. 144 (5 Suppl 1):S332. - PubMed
    1. Prasertpetmanee S, Mahachai V, Vilaichone RK. Improved efficacy of proton pump inhibitor ‐ amoxicillin ‐ clarithromycin triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in low clarithromycin resistance areas or for tailored therapy. Helicobacter 2013;18(4):270‐3. - PubMed
    1. Prasertpetmanee S, Mahachai V, Vilaichone RK. Improved efficacy of proton pump inhibitor ‐ amoxicillin ‐ clarithromycin triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in low clarithromycin resistance areas or for tailored therapy. Helicobacter. 2013; Vol. 18(4):270‐273. - PubMed
Wang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wang SJ, Wang WH, Chi YX, Teng GG. Concomitant therapy with four drugs is more effective than triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2013; Vol. 28 (Suppl 3):543. Abstract P1373.
Xu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Xu X, Sun Q, Liao J, Liang X, Zhang Q, Liu W, et al. Evaluation of bismuth‐clarithromycin‐containing quadruple therapy for initial Helicobacter pylori eradication. Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology 2012;17(1):5‐9.

Additional references

Ables 2007
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