Optimization of a phenol extraction-based protein preparation method amenable to downstream 2DE and MALDI-MS based analysis of bacterial proteomes

Abstract

2DE is one of the most efficient and widely used methods for resolving complex protein mixtures. For efficient analysis of complex samples, high-resolution separation of proteins on 2D gel is essential, and for that purpose good sample preparation is crucial. In this study, we have improvized a method for preparing bacterial total cellular proteome, from a strategy applied earlier to recalcitrant plant tissues, which gave high-quality resolution on 2DE. The method involving phenol extraction followed by methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation was first optimized for the chemolithotrophic proteobacteria Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis WT001 and Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans KCT001 that did not yield quality protein preps in conventional trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method. Subsequently, to validate its general applicability, the method was evaluated against the trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method for two other model bacteria, i.e. Escherichia coli DH5α and Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 6. Identification of at least four proteins each from the outer membrane, periplasm, and cytoplasm of T. kashmirensis by MALDI-MS not only proved the efficiency of the method in extracting proteins from the different cellular compartments but also the amenability of the obtained protein spots toward MALDI-MS based identification.

Keywords: 2DE; Bacterial proteome; MALDI-MS; Microbiology; Phenol extraction; TCA-acetone precipitation.