Immunoglobulin g4 non-related sclerosing disease with intracardiac mass mimicking mitral stenosis: case report

Abstract

The cardiovascular system may be one of the target organs of both immunoglobulin G4 related and non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis. We present a case of IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis mimicking mitral stenosis on echocardiography. For a more detailed differential diagnosis, we used multimodal imaging techniques. After surgical biopsy around the abdominal aortic area in the retroperitoneum, histological examination revealed IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis. We describe the multimodal imaging used to diagnose IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis and a positive response to steroid treatment. There have been no previous case reports of IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis with intracardiac involvement. Here, we report a case of IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis mimicking mitral stenosis.

Keywords: Immunoglobulin G4 Non-Related Sclerosing Disease; Left Atrium Mass; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Periaortitis.

Fig. 1

The main remarks of several imaging modalities before steroid treatment. (A) Parasternal long axis view of TTE demonstrated limited motion of mitral leaflet by attached mass like lesion (white circle). (B) The mid-esophageal 4-chamber view of TEE demonstrated LA mass-like lesion (two white arrows). Color Doppler imaging showed flow acceleration as MS. (C) Transverse view of abdominal CT demonstrated increased wall thickness of the abdominal aorta (white arrow). (D) Cardiac MRI demonstrated wall thickening (white arrow) involving LA and IAS with extension to MV leaflet. (E) Coronary CT angiography showed diffuse soft-tissue infiltration involving LA, IAS, and MV. (F) PET showed LA mass (white arrow) and periabdominal aortic area thickness (white arrow in little figure) increased FDG uptake.

Fig. 2

The histopathologic results by the biopsy of periabdominal aortic mass. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of the biopsied periabdominal aortic mass demonstrated dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis. (B) Masson's trichrome stain showed adventitial fibrosis. (Original magnification A, B, ×100). (C) Immunohistochemical staining for IgG. (D) Immunohistochemical staining for CD38. Immunohistochemical staining for IgG4. Below 5% of the plasma cells exhibit this stain. (Original magnification C, ×100; D, ×200). IgG, immunoglobulin G.

Fig. 3

The improved findings of a few images after steroid treatment for four weeks. (A) Follow-up at the four weeks of steroid treatment showed that the thickness of LA mass decreased (white circle) in TTE. (B) Coronary CT angiography showed interval decreased extent of soft tissue lesion (black arrow) arounding LA after steroid treatment. (C) Cardiac MRI showed the decreased lesion of MV after four weeks from the point of starting steroid treatment. (D) PET did not show any lesion in LA and periabdominal aortic area after six months from the point of starting steroid treatment.