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. 2014 Jan;128(1):77-82.
doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.09.005. Epub 2013 Dec 14.

Solid fuel use is a major risk factor for acute coronary syndromes among rural women: a matched case control study

Z Fatmi  1 , D Coggon  2 , A Kazi  3 , I Naeem  4 , M M Kadir  4 , N Sathiakumar  5
Affiliations

Solid fuel use is a major risk factor for acute coronary syndromes among rural women: a matched case control study

Z Fatmi et al. Public Health. 2014 Jan.

Abstract

Objectives: Almost half of the world's population uses solid fuel for cooking, exposing women to high levels of particulate pollution in indoor air. The risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was assessed among rural women, according to their use of solid fuel.

Study design: Matched case control study.

Methods: Data were collected at a public tertiary care hospital in a rural district of Pakistan. Seventy-three women with ACS were compared with controls, individually matched for sex and age (± 5 years), who were admitted to hospital for other reasons. Fuels used for cooking and exposures to potentially confounding variables were ascertained through a questionnaire administered at interview and measurement of height and weight. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, current use of solid fuel was strongly associated with ACS (OR 4.8, 95% CI: 1.5-14.8), and risk was lowest in women who had last used solid fuel more than 15 years earlier. The population attributable fraction for ACS in relation to current use of solid fuel was 49.0% (95% CI: 41.3%-57.4%).

Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that indoor air pollution from use of solid fuel is an important cause of ACS. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of case-control studies in rural populations of women to address this question, and is an encouragement to larger and statistically more powerful investigations.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Biomass fuel; Indoor air pollution; Matched case control; Risk factor; Women.

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