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. 2013;35(6):753-64.
doi: 10.1155/2013/763907. Epub 2013 Nov 18.

Adiposity measurements by BMI, skinfolds and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in relation to risk markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adult males

Ahmad A Hariri  1 , Nicholas S Oliver  1 , Desmond G Johnston  1 , John C Stevenson  2 , Ian F Godsland  3
Affiliations

Adiposity measurements by BMI, skinfolds and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in relation to risk markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adult males

Ahmad A Hariri et al. Dis Markers. 2013.

Abstract

Background: Choice of adiposity measure may be important in the evaluation of relationships between adiposity and risk markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Aim: We explored the strengths of risk marker associations with BMI, a simple measure of adiposity, and with measures provided by skinfold thicknesses and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Subjects and methods: We evaluated in three subgroups of white males (n = 156-349), participating in a health screening program, the strengths of relationship between measures of total and regional adiposity and risk markers relating to blood pressure, lipids and lipoproteins, insulin sensitivity, and subclinical inflammation.

Results: Independent of age, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise, the strongest correlations with adiposity measures were seen with serum triglyceride concentrations and indices of insulin sensitivity, with strengths of association showing little difference between BMI and skinfold and DXA measures of total and percent body fat (R = 0.20-0.46, P < 0.01). Significant but weaker associations with adiposity were seen for serum HDL cholesterol and only relatively inconsistent associations with adiposity for total and LDL cholesterol and indices of subclinical inflammation.

Conclusions: BMI can account for variation in risk markers in white males as well as more sophisticated measures derived from skinfold thickness measurements or DXA scanning.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
BMI/SF/DXA (n = 156). Variation in insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure with body fat measures. Regression coefficients (±95% confidence interval) for prediction of (a) insulin sensitivity, IVGTT-Si; (b) serum triglyceride concentration; and (c) systolic blood pressure by BMI (open bars), skinfold thicknesses (closed bars), and DXA measures (hatched bars) recorded at the same visit. Standardised data was used; therefore, bars show the number of standard deviations change in IVGTT-Si, triglycerides, and systolic BP for a 1SD change in each body fat measure. Age, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise habits were included in the prediction models.
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