Morphometric analysis of maxillary alveolar regions for immediate implantation

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide an actual guideline in determining the shape, diameter, and position of the implant in immediate implantation by the measurement of the thickness of facial and palatal plate, the thickness of cortical bone on the facial and palatal plate, the diameter of the root, and the distance between the roots in the cadavers.

Materials and methods: The horizontal sections of 20 maxillae were measured and analyzed to obtain the average values. Resin blocks were produced and cut serially at 1 mm intervals from the cervical line to the root apex. Images of each section were obtained and the following measurements were performed: The thickness of the facial and palatal residual bone at each root surface, the thickness of the facial and palatal cortical bone at the interdental region, the diameter of all roots of each section on the faciopalatal and mesiodistal diameter, and the interroot distance. Three specimens with measurements close to the average values were chosen and 3-dimensional images were reconstructed.

Results: The thickness of the facial and palatal cortical bone at the interdental region in the maxilla, the buccal cortical bone was thicker in the posterior region compared to the anterior region. The interroot distance of the alveolar bone thickness between the roots increased from anterior to posterior region and from coronal to apical in the maxilla.

Conclusion: In this study, the limited results of the morphometric analysis of the alveolar ridge using the sections of maxilla in the cadavers may offer the useful information when planning and selecting optimal implant for immediate implantation in the maxilla.

Keywords: Alveolar bone thickness; Cadavers; Immediate implantation; Maxillary alveolar region; Root diameter.

Fig. 1

Sectioned specimens of the maxillary arch from 1 mm (upper left) to 10 mm (lower right) below the cervical line. (A) (upper left): 1 mm below the cervical line, (J) (lower right):10 mm below the cervical line.

Fig. 2

Items of measurements of each sectioned specimen. 1: the thickness of the facial and palatal plate at each root surface, 2: the thickness of the facial and palatal cortical bone at the interdental region, 3: the diameter of all roots of the each section (faciopalatal and mesiodistal), 4: the interroot distance.

Fig. 3

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the specimens of maxilla. (A) a view from apex to coronal, (B) lateral view, (C) posterior view, (D) anterior view.