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. 2013 Dec 7:2:659.
doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-659. eCollection 2013.

Therapeutic effects of sesame oil on monosodium urate crystal-induced acute inflammatory response in rats

Dur-Zong Hsu  1 , Si-Jin Chen  1 , Pei-Yi Chu  1 , Ming-Yie Liu  2
Affiliations

Therapeutic effects of sesame oil on monosodium urate crystal-induced acute inflammatory response in rats

Dur-Zong Hsu et al. Springerplus. .

Abstract

Sesame oil has been used in traditional Taiwanese medicine to relieve the inflammatory pain in people with joint inflammation, toothache, scrapes, and cuts. However, scientific evidence related to the effectiveness or action mechanism of sesame oil on relief of pain and inflammation has not been examined experimentally. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of sesame oil on monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal-induced acute inflammatory response in rats. Air pouch, a pseudosynovial cavity, was established by injecting 24 mL of filtered sterile air subcutaneously in the backs of the rats. At day 0, inflammation in air pouch was induced by injecting MSU crystal (5 mg/rat, suspended in sterilized phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4), while sesame oil (0, 1, 2, or 4 mL/kg, orally) was given 6 h after MSU crystal injection. Parameters in lavage and skin tissue from the air pouches were assessed 6 h after sesame oil was given. Sesame oil decreased MSU crystal-induced total cell counts, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels in lavage and pouch tissue. Sesame oil significantly decreased leukocyte and neutrophil counts in lavage compared with MSU crystal alone group. Sesame oil decreased activated mast cell counts in skin tissue in MSU crystal-treated rats. Sesame oil significantly decreased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and IL-4 level in isolated mast cells from rats treated with MSU crystal. Furthermore, sesame oil decreased lavage complement proteins C3a and C5a levels in MSU crystal-treated rats. In conclusion, sesame oil shows a potent therapeutic effect against MSU crystal-induced acute inflammatory response in rats.

Keywords: Arthritis; Gout; Hyperuricemia; Inflammation; Mast cell; Monosodium urate monohydrate.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of MSU crystal on leukocyte infiltration in air pouch. To establish the gout model, rats were injected with MSU crystal (5 mg/rat). The leukocyte infiltration was assessed 6 and 12 h after MSU injection. Data are means ± SD (n = 6). * P < 0.05 compared with 0 h.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of sesame oil on MSU crystal-induced inflammatory mediator production in air pouch lavage and surrounding tissue. To examine the therapeutic potential of sesame oil on gout, cytokines were detected. Rats were divided into five groups of six: Group I, negative control group; Group II, rats were treated with MSU crystal (5 mg/rat); Group III-V, rats were respectively given sesame oil 1, 2, and 4 mL/kg 6 h after MSU crystal. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in both pouch lavage (A-C) and surrounding skin tissue (D-F) were measured 12 h after MSU crystal. Data are means ± SD (n = 6). Significant differences between groups were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Different letters above the bars indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of sesame oil on MSU crystal-induced leukocyte and neutrophil infiltration in air pouch lavage. To investigate the effect of sesame oil on gouty inflammation, leukocyte and neutrophil infiltration number were counted. Rats were divided into five groups of six: Group I, negative control group; Group II, rats were treated with MSU crystal (5 mg/rat); Group III-V, rats were respectively given sesame oil 1, 2, and 4 mL/kg 6 h after MSU crystal. Lavage leukocyte (A) and neutrophil (B) counts were assessed 12 h after MSU crystal. The arrows indicate neutrophil in pouch lavage slides (Hematoxylin and eosin stain; magnification = ×100) (C). Data are means ± SD. Significant differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Different letters above the bars indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of sesame oil on mast cell accumulation in MSU crystal induced acute inflammation. To investigate the role of mast cells on sesame oil-exerted anti-inflammatory effect on gout, active mast cell accumulation was assessed. Rats were divided into five groups of six: Group I, negative control group; Group II, rats were treated with MSU crystal (5 mg/rat); Group III-V, rats were respectively given sesame oil 1, 2, and 4 mL/kg 6 h after MSU crystal. Mast cell counts (A) in skin tissue were assessed 12 h after MSU crystal. Data are means ± SD (n = 6). Significant differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Different letters above the bars indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences. The arrows indicate activated mast cells (B). (Toluidine blue stain; magnification = ×100).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of sesame oil on NF-κB activity and IL-4 level in isolated mast cell in MSU crystal-treated rats. To investigate mast cell degranulation in sesame oil-treated gout, NF-κB activity (A) and IL-4 level (B) were assessed. Rats were divided into four groups of six: Group I, negative control group; Group II, rats were received sesame oil (4 mL/kg, orally) alone; Group III, rats were injected MSU crystal (5 mg/rat) into air pouch; and Group IV, rats were given sesame oil 6 h after MSU crystal injection. NF-κB activity and IL-4 level in mast cells isolated from surrounding tissue were assessed 12 h after MSU crystal injection. Data are means ± SD (n = 6). Significant differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Different letters above the bars indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of mast cell stabilization on leukocyte counts in MSU crystal-induced acute inflammation. To confirm the role of mast cell in gout, mast cell stabilizer ketotifen was examined in gout model. Rats were divided into five groups of six: Group I, negative control group; Group II, rats were injected MSU crystal (5 mg/rat) into air pouch; Group III-V, rats were given ketotifen 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg orally 30 min before MSU crystal. The same dose of ketotifen was then given intravenously as a bolus 15 min before MSU crystal. Leukocyte numbers in pouch lavage were determined 12 h after MSU. Data are means ± SD (n = 6). Significant differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Different letters above the bars indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of sesame oil on complement system in MSU crystal-induced acute inflammation. To examine the mechanism of sesame oil-exerted anti-inflammatory effect in gout, complement system was investigated. Rats were divided into five groups of six: Group I, negative control group; Group II, rats were treated with MSU crystal (5 mg/rat); Group III-V, rats were given sesame oil 1, 2, and 4 mL/kg, respectively, 6 h after MSU crystal. Lavage C3a (A) and C5a (B) levels were assessed 12 h after MSU crystal was given. Data are means ± SD. Significant differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Different letters above the bars indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences.
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