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Meta-Analysis
. 2013 Jul 17;2013(7):CD004185.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004185.pub3.

Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression

Laura R Magni, Marianna Purgato, Chiara Gastaldon, Davide Papola, Toshi A Furukawa, Andrea Cipriani, Corrado Barbui
Meta-Analysis

Fluoxetine versus other types of pharmacotherapy for depression

Laura R Magni et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Depression is common in primary care and is associated with marked personal, social and economic morbidity, thus creating significant demands on service providers. The antidepressant fluoxetine has been studied in many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in comparison with other conventional and unconventional antidepressants. However, these studies have produced conflicting findings.Other systematic reviews have considered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) as a group which limits the applicability of the indings for fluoxetine alone. Therefore, this review intends to provide specific and clinically useful information regarding the effects of fluoxetine for depression compared with tricyclics (TCAs), SSRIs, serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamineoxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and newer agents, and other conventional and unconventional agents.

Objectives: To assess the effects of fluoxetine in comparison with all other antidepressive agents for depression in adult individuals with unipolar major depressive disorder.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review Group Controlled Trials Register (CCDANCTR)to 11May 2012. This register includes relevant RCTs from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (all years),MEDLINE (1950 to date), EMBASE (1974 to date) and PsycINFO (1967 to date). No language restriction was applied. Reference lists of relevant papers and previous systematic reviews were handsearched. The pharmaceutical company marketing fluoxetine and experts in this field were contacted for supplemental data.

Selection criteria: All RCTs comparing fluoxetine with any other AD (including non-conventional agents such as hypericum) for patients with unipolar major depressive disorder (regardless of the diagnostic criteria used) were included. For trials that had a cross-over design only results from the first randomisation period were considered.

Data collection and analysis: Data were independently extracted by two review authors using a standard form. Responders to treatment were calculated on an intention-to-treat basis: dropouts were always included in this analysis. When data on dropouts were carried forward and included in the efficacy evaluation, they were analysed according to the primary studies; when dropouts were excluded from any assessment in the primary studies, they were considered as treatment failures. Scores from continuous outcomes were analysed by including patients with a final assessment or with the last observation carried forward. Tolerability data were analysed by calculating the proportion of patients who failed to complete the study due to any causes and due to side effects or inefficacy. For dichotomous data, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random-effects model. Continuous data were analysed using standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI.

Main results: A total of 171 studies were included in the analysis (24,868 participants). The included studies were undertaken between 1984 and 2012. Studies had homogenous characteristics in terms of design, intervention and outcome measures. The assessment of quality with the risk of bias tool revealed that the great majority of them failed to report methodological details, like the method of random sequence generation, the allocation concealment and blinding. Moreover, most of the included studies were sponsored by drug companies, so the potential for overestimation of treatment effect due to sponsorship bias should be considered in interpreting the results. Fluoxetine was as effective as the TCAs when considered as a group both on a dichotomous outcome (reduction of at least 50% on the Hamilton Depression Scale) (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.22, 24 RCTs, 2124 participants) and a continuous outcome (mean scores at the end of the trial or change score on depression measures) (SMD 0.03, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.14, 50 RCTs, 3393 participants). On a dichotomousoutcome, fluoxetine was less effective than dothiepin or dosulepin (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.20; number needed to treat (NNT) =6, 95% CI 3 to 50, 2 RCTs, 144 participants), sertraline (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.74; NNT = 13, 95% CI 7 to 58, 6 RCTs, 1188 participants), mirtazapine (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.04; NNT = 12, 95% CI 6 to 134, 4 RCTs, 600 participants) and venlafaxine(OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.51; NNT = 11, 95% CI 8 to 16, 12 RCTs, 3387 participants). On a continuous outcome, fluoxetine was more effective than ABT-200 (SMD -1.85, 95% CI -2.25 to -1.45, 1 RCT, 141 participants) and milnacipran (SMD -0.36, 95% CI-0.63 to -0.08, 2 RCTs, 213 participants); conversely, it was less effective than venlafaxine (SMD 0.10, 95% CI 0 to 0.19, 13 RCTs,3097 participants). Fluoxetine was better tolerated than TCAs considered as a group (total dropout OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.96;NNT = 20, 95% CI 13 to 48, 49 RCTs, 4194 participants) and was better tolerated in comparison with individual ADs, in particular amitriptyline (total dropout OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.85; NNT = 13, 95% CI 8 to 39, 18 RCTs, 1089 participants), and among the newer ADs ABT-200 (total dropout OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.39; NNT = 3, 95% CI 2 to 5, 1 RCT, 144 participants), pramipexole(total dropout OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.42, NNT = 3, 95% CI 2 to 5, 1 RCT, 105 participants), and reboxetine (total dropout OR0.60, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.82, NNT = 9, 95% CI 6 to 24, 4 RCTs, 764 participants).

Authors' conclusions: The present study detected differences in terms of efficacy and tolerability between fluoxetine and certain ADs, but the clinical meaning of these differences is uncertain.Moreover, the assessment of quality with the risk of bias tool showed that the great majority of included studies failed to report details on methodological procedures. Of consequence, no definitive implications can be drawn from the studies' results. The better efficacy profile of sertraline and venlafaxine (and possibly other ADs) over fluoxetine may be clinically meaningful,as already suggested by other systematic reviews. In addition to efficacy data, treatment decisions should also be based on considerations of drug toxicity, patient acceptability and cost.

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Conflict of interest statement

LRM, CG, MP, DP, AC, CB: none declared. TAF has received honoraria for speaking at continuing medical education (CME) meetings sponsored by Asahi Kasei, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Mochida, MSD, Otsuka, Pfizer, Shionogi and Tanabe‐Mitsubishi. He is a diplomate of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy. He has received royalties from Igaku‐Shoin, Seiwa‐Shoten and Nihon Bunka Kagakusha. He is on the advisory board for Sekisui Chemicals and Takeda Science Foundation. The Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology; the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; and the Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health have funded his research projects.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram, 2005 version.
2
2
Study flow diagram, 2012 version.
3
3
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
4
4
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluoxetine versus TCAs, Outcome 1 Failure to respond ‐ HDRS (‐50%).
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluoxetine versus TCAs, Outcome 2 End‐point score on rating scale.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluoxetine versus TCAs, Outcome 3 Failure to complete ‐ Total.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluoxetine versus TCAs, Outcome 4 Failure to complete ‐ Inefficacy.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluoxetine versus TCAs, Outcome 5 Failure to complete ‐ Side Effects.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluoxetine versus heterocyclics, Outcome 1 Failure to respond ‐ HDRS (‐50%).
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluoxetine versus heterocyclics, Outcome 2 End‐point score on rating scale.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluoxetine versus heterocyclics, Outcome 3 Failure to complete ‐ Total.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluoxetine versus heterocyclics, Outcome 4 Failure to complete ‐ Inefficacy.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluoxetine versus heterocyclics, Outcome 5 Failure to complete ‐ Side Effects.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluoxetine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 1 Failure to respond ‐ HDRS (‐50%).
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluoxetine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 2 End‐point score on rating scales.
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluoxetine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 3 Failure to complete ‐ Total.
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluoxetine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 4 Failure to complete ‐ Inefficacy.
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluoxetine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 5 Failure to complete ‐ Side Effects.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluoxetine versus SNRIs, Outcome 1 Failure to respond ‐ HDRS (‐50%).
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluoxetine versus SNRIs, Outcome 2 End‐point score on rating scale.
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluoxetine versus SNRIs, Outcome 3 Failure to complete ‐ Total.
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluoxetine versus SNRIs, Outcome 4 Failure to complete ‐ Inefficacy.
4.5
4.5. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluoxetine versus SNRIs, Outcome 5 Failure to complete ‐ Side Effects.
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs, Outcome 1 Failure to respond ‐ HDRS (‐50%).
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs, Outcome 2 End‐point score on rating scales.
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs, Outcome 3 Failure to complete ‐ Total.
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs, Outcome 4 Failure to complete ‐ Inefficacy.
5.5
5.5. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs, Outcome 5 Failure to complete ‐ Side Effects.
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluoxetine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 1 Failure to respond ‐ HDRS (‐50%).
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluoxetine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 2 End‐point score on rating scales.
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluoxetine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 3 Failure to complete ‐ Total.
6.4
6.4. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluoxetine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 4 Failure to complete ‐ Inefficacy.
6.5
6.5. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluoxetine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 5 Failure to complete ‐ Side Effects.
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7 Fluoxetine versus other non‐conventional AD agents, Outcome 1 Failure to respond ‐ HDRS (‐50%).
7.2
7.2. Analysis
Comparison 7 Fluoxetine versus other non‐conventional AD agents, Outcome 2 End‐point score on rating scales.
7.3
7.3. Analysis
Comparison 7 Fluoxetine versus other non‐conventional AD agents, Outcome 3 Failure to complete ‐ Total.
7.4
7.4. Analysis
Comparison 7 Fluoxetine versus other non‐conventional AD agents, Outcome 4 Failure to complete ‐ Inefficacy.
7.5
7.5. Analysis
Comparison 7 Fluoxetine versus other non‐conventional AD agents, Outcome 5 Failure to complete ‐ Side Effects.
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to respond, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to respond, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: endpoint score, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
9.2
9.2. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: endpoint score, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
9.3
9.3. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: endpoint score, Outcome 3 follow‐up >16 weeks.
10.1
10.1. Analysis
Comparison 10 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
10.2
10.2. Analysis
Comparison 10 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
11.1
11.1. Analysis
Comparison 11 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
11.2
11.2. Analysis
Comparison 11 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
12.1
12.1. Analysis
Comparison 12 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
12.2
12.2. Analysis
Comparison 12 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus TCAs: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
13.1
13.1. Analysis
Comparison 13 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: endpoint score, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
13.2
13.2. Analysis
Comparison 13 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: endpoint score, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
14.1
14.1. Analysis
Comparison 14 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
14.2
14.2. Analysis
Comparison 14 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
15.1
15.1. Analysis
Comparison 15 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
15.2
15.2. Analysis
Comparison 15 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
16.1
16.1. Analysis
Comparison 16 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
16.2
16.2. Analysis
Comparison 16 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus heterocyclics: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
17.1
17.1. Analysis
Comparison 17 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to respond, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
17.2
17.2. Analysis
Comparison 17 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to respond, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
17.3
17.3. Analysis
Comparison 17 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to respond, Outcome 3 follow‐up >16 weeks.
18.1
18.1. Analysis
Comparison 18 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: endpoint score, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
18.2
18.2. Analysis
Comparison 18 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: endpoint score, Outcome 2 follow‐up >16 weeks.
18.3
18.3. Analysis
Comparison 18 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: endpoint score, Outcome 3 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
19.1
19.1. Analysis
Comparison 19 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
19.2
19.2. Analysis
Comparison 19 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
19.3
19.3. Analysis
Comparison 19 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 3 follow‐up >16 weeks.
20.1
20.1. Analysis
Comparison 20 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
20.2
20.2. Analysis
Comparison 20 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 2 follow‐up >16 weeks.
20.3
20.3. Analysis
Comparison 20 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 3 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
21.1
21.1. Analysis
Comparison 21 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
21.2
21.2. Analysis
Comparison 21 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
21.3
21.3. Analysis
Comparison 21 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus other SSRIs: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 3 follow‐up >16 weeks.
22.1
22.1. Analysis
Comparison 22 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to respond, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
22.2
22.2. Analysis
Comparison 22 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to respond, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
23.1
23.1. Analysis
Comparison 23 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: endpoint score, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
23.2
23.2. Analysis
Comparison 23 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: endpoint score, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
24.1
24.1. Analysis
Comparison 24 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
24.2
24.2. Analysis
Comparison 24 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to complete ‐ total, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
25.1
25.1. Analysis
Comparison 25 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
25.2
25.2. Analysis
Comparison 25 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to complete ‐ inefficacy, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
26.1
26.1. Analysis
Comparison 26 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 1 follow‐up <6 weeks.
26.2
26.2. Analysis
Comparison 26 Subgroup analysis for fluoxetine versus MAOIs or newer ADs: failure to complete ‐ side effects, Outcome 2 follow‐up 6‐16 weeks.
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    1. Bowden CL, Schatzberg AF, Rosenbaum A, Contreras SA, Samson JA, Dessain E, et al. Fluoxetine and desipramine in major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993;13(5):305‐11. - PubMed
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Boyer 1998 {published data only}
    1. Bisserbe JC, Boyer P, Souetre E, Hotton JM, Troy S. A six month sertraline fluoxetine comparative study in depressed outpatients: outcome and costs. XXth Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Melbourne, Australia. 1996.
    1. Boyer P. Dysthymic patients and measurements of change. XXth Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Melbourne, Australia. 1996.
    1. Boyer P, Danion JM, Bisserbe JC, Hotton JM, Troy S. Clinical and economic comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression A 6‐month double‐blind study in a primary‐care setting in France. PharmacoEconomics 1998;13:157‐69. - PubMed
    1. Danion JM, Boyer P, Troy S, Hotton J. Double blind randomized comparative study of sertraline and fluoxetine in depressive outpatient: Medico‐economic aspect. VIth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Nice, France. 1997.
Bremner 1984 {published data only}
    1. Bremner JD. Fluoxetine in depressed patients: a comparison with imipramine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1984;45(10):414‐9. - PubMed
Bressa 1989 {published data only}
    1. Bressa GM, Brugnoli R, Pancheri P. A double‐blind study of fluoxetine and imipramine in major depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4 Suppl 1:69‐73. - PubMed
Byerley 1988 {published data only}
    1. Byerley WF, Reimherr FW, Wood DR, Grosser BI. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, for the treatment of outpatients with major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1988;8(2):112‐5. - PubMed
    1. Reimherr FW, Ward MF, Byerley WF. The introductory placebo washout: a retrospective evaluation. Psychiatry Research 1989;30(2):191‐9. - PubMed
Cassano 2002 {published data only}
    1. Cassano GB, Puca F, Scapicchio PL, Trabucchi M. Paroxetine and fluoxetine effects on mood and cognitive functions in depressed nondemented elderly patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2002;63(5):396‐402. - PubMed
Chouinard 1985 {published data only}
    1. Beasley CM Jr, Sayler ME, Potvin JH. Fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression: a multicenter trial. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993;8(3):143‐9. - PubMed
    1. Chouinard G. A double‐blind controlled clinical trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1985;46:32‐7. - PubMed
Chouinard 1999 {published data only}
    1. Chouinard G, Saxena B, Belanger MC, Ravindran A, Bakish D, Beauclair L, et al. A Canadian multicenter, double‐blind study of paroxetine and fluoxetine in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 1999;54(1‐2):39‐48. - PubMed
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Multicentre Comparison of Paroxetine and Fluoxetine in the Treatment of Patients With Major Depression With Regard to Antidepressant Efficacy, Tolerance and Anxiolytic Effect. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com) 1993.
CL3‐022 {unpublished data only}
    1. European Medicines Agency. CHMP Assessment Report for Thymanax [Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/000916, Doc. Ref. EMEA/97539/2009].http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_‐_Public_assessment_r... [Accessed 22 October 2012] 2008.
    1. European Medicines Agency. CHMP Assessment Report for Thymanax [Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/000916, Doc. Ref. EMEA/97539/2009].http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_‐_Public_assessment_r... [Accessed 25 October 2012] 2009.
    1. European Medicines Agency. CHMP Assessment Report for Valdoxan [Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/656, Doc. Ref. EMEA/CHMP/87018/2006].http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_‐_Public_assessment_r... [Accessed 22 January 2013] 2006.
    1. Hickie IB, Rogers NL. Novel melatonin‐based therapies: potential advances in the treatment of major depression. Lancet 2011;378:621‐31. - PubMed
CL3‐024 {unpublished data only}
    1. European Medicines Agency. CHMP Assessment Report for Thymanax [Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/000916, Doc. Ref. EMEA/97539/2009].http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_‐_Public_assessment_r... [Accessed 22 October 2012] 2008.
    1. European Medicines Agency. CHMP Assessment Report for Thymanax [Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/000916, Doc. Ref. EMEA/97539/2009].http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_‐_Public_assessment_r... [Accessed 25 October 2012] 2009.
    1. European Medicines Agency. CHMP Assessment Report for Valdoxan [Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/656, Doc. Ref. EMEA/CHMP/87018/2006].http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_‐_Public_assessment_r... [Accessed 22 January 2013] 2006.
    1. Hickie IB, Rogers NL. Novel melatonin‐based therapies: potential advances in the treatment of major depression. Lancet 2011;378:621‐31. - PubMed
Clayton 2003 {published data only}
    1. Clayton A, Ferguson J, Reisner J, Brown M, Schwartz G, Zajecka J. Reboxetine and sexual side effects. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;12 Suppl 3:205.
    1. Clayton AH, Zajecka J, Ferguson JM, Filipiak‐Reisner JK, Brown MT, Schwartz GE. Lack of sexual dysfunction with the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine during treatment for major depressive disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003;18(3):151‐6. - PubMed
    1. Clayton AH, Zajecka JM, Ferguson JM, Reisner JK, Brown MT, Schwartz GE. Reboxetine and sexual side effects. 155th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Philadelphia, PA. 2002.
Clerc 1994 {published data only}
    1. Clerc GE, Ruimy P, Verdeau Palles J. A double‐blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in patients hospitalised for major depression and melancholia. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994;9(3):139‐43. - PubMed
    1. Entsuah R, Shaffer M, Zhang J. A critical examination of the sensitivity of unidimensional subscales derived from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to antidepressant drug effects. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2002;36(6):437‐48. - PubMed
    1. Thase ME, Entsuah AR, Rudolph RL. Remission rates during treatment with venlafaxine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. British Journal of Psychiatry 2001;178:234‐41. - PubMed
Cohn 1985 {published data only}
    1. Beasley CM Jr, Sayler ME, Bosomworth JC, Wernicke JF. High‐dose fluoxetine: efficacy and activating‐sedating effects in agitated and retarded depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1991;11(3):166‐74. - PubMed
    1. Cohn JB, Wilcox C. A comparison of fluoxetine, imipramine, and placebo in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1985;46:26‐31. - PubMed
Corne 1989 {published data only}
    1. Corne SJ, Hall JR. A double‐blind comparative study of fluoxetine and dothiepin in the treatment of depression in general‐practice. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4(3):245‐54. - PubMed
Corrigan 2000 {published data only}
    1. Corrigan MH, Denahan AQ, Wright CE, Ragual RJ, Evans DL. Comparison of pramipexole, fluoxetine, and placebo in patients with major depression. Depression and Anxiety 2000;11(2):58‐65. - PubMed
Costa e Silva 1998 {published data only}
    1. Costa e Silva J. Randomized, double‐blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1998;56(7):352‐7. - PubMed
    1. Michelson D. Comparing the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine and venlafaxine in outpatient depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1999;60(5):338‐9. - PubMed
    1. Paton C. Venlafaxine versus fluoxetine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1999;60(10):708. - PubMed
Dalery 1997 {published data only}
    1. Dalery J, Rochat C, Peyron E, Bernard G. Comparative study of the efficacy and acceptability of amineptine and fluoxetine in patients with major depression. Encephale 1992;18(3):257‐62. - PubMed
    1. Dalery J, Rochat C, Peyron E, Bernard G. The efficacy and acceptability of amineptine versus fluoxetine in major depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1997;12 Suppl 3:S35‐8. - PubMed
Dalery 2003 {published data only}
    1. Dalery J. Fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression; similarities and differences. XIth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Paris, France. 1998.
    1. Dalery J, Honig A. Fluvoxamine versus fluoxetine in major depressive episode: a double‐blind randomised comparison. Human Psychopharmacology 2003;18(5):379‐84. - PubMed
Debus 1988 {published data only}
    1. Beasley CM Jr, Dornseif BE, Pultz JA, Bosomworth JC, Sayler ME. Fluoxetine versus trazodone: efficacy and activating‐sedating effects. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991;52(7):294‐9. - PubMed
    1. Debus JR, Rush AJ, Himmel C, Tyler D, Polatin P, Weissenburger J. Fluoxetine versus trazodone in the treatment of outpatients with major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1988;49(11):422‐6. - PubMed
De Jonghe 1991 {published data only}
    1. Jonghe F, Ravelli DP, Tuynman Qua H. A randomised, double‐blind study of fluoxetine and maprotiline in the treatment of major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 1991;24(2):62‐7. - PubMed
Demyttenaere 1998 {published data only}
    1. Demyttenaere K, Mesters P, Boulanger B, Dewe W, Delsemme MH, Gregoire J, et al. Adherence to treatment regimen in depressed patients treated with amitriptyline or fluoxetine. Journal of Affective Disorders 2001;65(3):243‐52. - PubMed
    1. Demyttenaere K, Ganse E, Gregoire J, Gaens E, Mesters P. Compliance in depressed patients treated with fluoxetine or amitriptyline. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1998;13(1):11‐7. - PubMed
    1. Demyttenaere K, Ganse E, Gregoire P, Mesters P. Compliance among patients suffering from major depressive disorder and treated by fluoxetine or amitriptyline. VIth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Nice, France. 1997.
Demyttenaere 2004 {published data only}
    1. Demyttenaere K, Albert A, Mesters P, Dewé W, Bruyckere K, Sangeleer M. What happens with adverse events during 6 months of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2005;66(7):859‐63. - PubMed
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    1. Demyttenaere K, Mesters P, Dewe W, Boulanger B, Bruyckere K, Sangeleer M, et al. Six month compliance with fluoxetine or paroxetine treatment in depressed outpatients. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;12 Suppl 3:208.
De Nayer 2002 {published data only}
    1. Nayer A, Clercq M, Mignon A. Symptom relief obtained with venlafaxine versus fluoxetine in depressed patients with concomitant anxiety. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;10 Suppl 3:242.
    1. Nayer A, Geerts S, Ruelens L, Schittecatte M, Bleeker E, Eeckhoutte I, et al. Venlafaxine compared with fluoxetine in outpatients with depression and concomitant anxiety. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;5(2):115‐20. - PubMed
    1. Preud'homme X, Nayer A, Clercq M, Mignon A. Symptom relief obtained with venlafaxine versus fluoxetine in major depressed patients with concomitant anxiety. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;3 Suppl 1:233.
De Ronchi 1998 {published data only}
    1. Ronchi D, Rucci P, Lodi M, Ravaglia G, Forti P, Volterra V. Fluoxetine and amitriptyline in elderly depressed patients: a 10‐week, double‐blind study on course of neurocognitive adverse events and depressive symptoms. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 1998;Suppl 6:125‐1,40.
De Wilde 1993 {published data only}
    1. Wilde J, Spiers R, Mertens C, Bartholome F, Schotte G, Leyman S. A double‐blind, comparative, multicenter study comparing paroxetine with fluoxetine in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1993;87(2):141‐5. - PubMed
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. Double‐blind Comparative Multicentre Study Comparing Paroxetine b.d. (twice daily) with Fluoxetine b.d. (twice daily) in Depressed Patients. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com), [29060/064]. clinicaltrials.gov. 1990.
Diaz Martinez 1998 {published data only}
    1. Diaz Martinez A, Benassinni O, Ontiveros A, Gonzalez S, Salin R, Basquedano G, et al. A randomised, open‐label comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in depressed outpatients. Clinical Therapeutics 1998;20(3):467‐76. - PubMed
Dierick 1996 {published data only}
    1. Dierick M, Ravizza L, Realini R, Martin A. A double‐blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine for treatment of major depression in outpatients. Progress in Neuro‐Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 1996;20(1):57‐71. - PubMed
    1. Entsuah R, Shaffer M, Zhang J. A critical examination of the sensitivity of unidimensional subscales derived from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to antidepressant drug effect. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2002;36(6):437‐48. - PubMed
    1. Thase ME, Entsuah AR, Rudolph RL. Remission rates during treatment with venlafaxine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. British Journal of Psychiatry 2001;178:234‐41. - PubMed
Dowling 1990 {published data only}
    1. Dowling B, Webb MG, Halpin CM, Sangiwa MG. Fluoxetine: a comparative study with dothiepin. Irish Journal of Psychiatry 1990;11(1):3‐7.
Duarte 1996 {published data only}
    1. Duarte A, Mikkelsen H, Delini Stula A. Moclobemide versus fluoxetine for double depression: A randomised double‐blind study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1996;30(6):453‐8. - PubMed
Fabre 1991 {published data only}
    1. Fabre LF, Scharf MB, Itil TM. Comparative efficacy and safety of nortriptyline and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression: a clinical study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991;52(1):62‐7. - PubMed
Fairweather 1999 {published data only}
    1. Fairweather DB, Stanley N, Hindmarch I. Fluoxetine and dothiepin in depressed patients: a comparison of efficacy and effects on cognition and subjective sleep. Xth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Vienna, Austria. 1997.
    1. Fairweather DB, Stanley N, Yoon JS, Hindmarch I. The effects of fluoxetine and dothiepin on cognitive function in depressed patients in general practice. Human Psychopharmacology 1999;14(5):325‐32.
Falk 1989 {published data only}
    1. Falk WE, Rosenbaum JF, Otto MW, Zusky PM, Weilburg JB, Nixon RA. Fluoxetine versus trazodone in depressed geriatric patients. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 1989;2(4):208‐14. - PubMed
Fava 1998 {published data only}
    1. Fava M, Amsterdam JD, Deltito JA, Salzman C, Schwaller M, Dunner DL. A double‐blind study of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and placebo in outpatients with major depression. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 1998;10(4):145‐50. - PubMed
Fava 2002 {published data only}
    1. Fava M, Hoog SL, Judge RA, Kopp JB, Nilsson ME, Gonzales JS. Acute efficacy of fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in major depressive disorder including effects of baseline insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2002;22(2):137‐47. - PubMed
    1. Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Hoog SL, Krebs W, Dillon JA. Comparison of symptoms after treatment interruption: Evidence of fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine. XXIst Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Glasgow, Scotland. 1998.
    1. Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Hoog SL, Tepner RG, Kopp JB, Sayler M. Fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in major depression: efficacy and tolerability in patients with high or low baseline insomnia. XIth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Paris, France. 1998.
    1. Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Hoog SL, Tepner RG, Kopp JB, Sayler M. Fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in major depression: tolerability and efficacy in patients with low and high baseline insomnia. IXth Congress of the Association of European Psychiatrists, Copenhagen, Denmark. 1998.
    1. Hoog SL, Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Tepner RG, Kopp JB, Sayler M. Fluoxetine vs. sertraline and paroxetine in major depression in patients with high or low baseline insomnia. XXIst Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Glasgow, Scotland. 1998.
Fava 2005 {published data only}
    1. Farabaugh A, Mischoulon D, Fava M, Wu SL, Mascarini A, Tossani E, Alpert J. The relationship between early changes in the HAM‐17 anxiety/somatization factor items and treatment outcome among depressed outpatients. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2005;20(2):87‐91. - PubMed
    1. Fava M, Alpert J, Nierberg AA, Mischoulon D, Otto MW, Zajecka J, Murck H, Rosenbaum JF. A double‐blind, randomised trial of St. John's Wort, Fluoxetine and placebo in major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychoparmacology 2005;25(5):441‐7. - PubMed
    1. Fava M, Alpert JE, Nierenberg AA, Mischoulon D, Otto MW, Murck H, et al. A double‐blind, randomized trial of St. John’s Wort, fluoxetine, and placebo in MDD. 155th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Philadelphia, PA. 2002.
    1. Murck H, Fava M, Alpert J, Nierenberg AA, Mischoulom D, Otto MW, Zajecka J, Mannel M, Rosenbaum JF. Hypericum extract in patients with MDD and reversed vegetative signs: re‐analysis from data of a double‐blind, randomised trial of hypericum extract, fluoxetine and placebo. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;8(2):215‐21. - PubMed
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Fawcett 1989 {published data only}
    1. Fawcett J, Zajecka JM, Kravitz HM, Edwards J, et al. Fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in adult outpatients with major depression. Current Therapeutic Research 1989;45(5):821‐32.
Feighner 1985a {published data only}
    1. Feighner JP, Cohn JB. Double‐blind comparative trials of fluoxetine and doxepin in geriatric patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1985;46:20‐5. - PubMed
Feighner 1985b {published data only}
    1. Fairweather DB, Kerr JS, Harrison DA, Moon CA, et al. A double blind comparison of the effects of fluoxetine and amitriptyline on cognitive function in elderly depressed patients. Human Psychopharmacology 1993;8(1):41‐7.
    1. Feighner JP. A comparative trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1985;46(9):369‐72. - PubMed
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Feighner 1989 {published data only}
    1. Feighner JP, Boyer WF, Merideth CH, Hendrickson GG. A double‐blind comparison of fluoxetine, imipramine and placebo in outpatients with major depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4(2):127‐34. - PubMed
Feighner 1991 {published data only}
    1. Feighner JP, Gardner EA, Johnston JA, Batey SR, Khayrallah MA, Ascher JA, et al. Double‐blind comparison of bupropion and fluoxetine in depressed outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991;52(8):329‐35. - PubMed
Ferreri 1989 {published data only}
    1. Ferreri M. Fluoxetine versus amineptine in the treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorders. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4 Suppl 1:97‐101. - PubMed
Finkel 1999 {published data only}
    1. Doraiswamy PM, Krishnan KR, Clary C. Efficacy and safety of sertraline in depressed geriatric patients with vascular disease. 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1998.
    1. Doraiswamy PM, Krishnan KR, Oxman T, Jenkyn LR, Coffey DJ, Burt T, et al. Does antidepressant therapy improve cognition in elderly depressed patients?. Journals of Gerontology Series A‐Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences 2003;58(12):1137‐44. - PubMed
    1. Finkel SI, Richter EM, Clary CM, Batzar E. Comparative efficacy of sertraline vs Fluoxetine in patients age 70 or over with major depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1999;7(3):221‐7. - PubMed
    1. Krishnan KR, Doraiswamy PM, Clary CM. Clinical and treatment response characteristics of late‐life depression associated with vascular disease: A pooled analysis of two multicenter trials with sertraline. Progress in Neuro‐Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2001;25(2):347‐61. - PubMed
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Gagiano 1993 {published data only}
    1. Gagiano CA. A double blind comparison of paroxetine and fluoxetine in patients with major depression. British Journal of Clinical Research 1993;4:145‐52.
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. A double‐blind comparative multicentre study comparing paroxetine b.d. (twice daily) with fluoxetine (Prozac®) b.d. (twice daily) in depressed patients. [29060/079]. clinicaltrials.gov. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com) 1991.
Gattaz 1995 {published data only}
    1. Gattaz WF, Vogel P, Kick H, Delini‐Stula A, Kohler M, Mikkelsen H, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide and fluoxetine in major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 1995;28:179.
    1. Gattaz WF, Vogel P, Kick H, Kohnen R. Moclobemide versus fluoxetine in the treatment of inpatients with major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1995;15 Suppl 2:35S‐40S. - PubMed
    1. Gattaz WF, Vogel P, Kick H, Kohnen R. Moclobemide versus fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression. Xth World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain. 1996. - PubMed
Geerts 1994 {published data only}
    1. Geerts S, Bruynooghe F, Cuyper H, Demeulemeester F, Haazen L. Moclobemide versus fluoxetine for major depressive episodes. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1994;7 Suppl 1:50‐7. - PubMed
Geretsegger 1994 {published data only}
    1. Geretsegger C, Bohmer F, Ludwig M. Paroxetine in the elderly depressed patient: randomised comparison with fluoxetine of efficacy, cognitive and behavioural effects. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994;9(1):25‐9. - PubMed
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. A Double‐blind Comparative Study Comparing Paroxetine b.d. (twice daily) with Fluoxetine b.d. (twice daily) in Geriatric Patients with Major Depression. [29060/061]. clinicaltrials.gov. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com) 1991.
    1. Schone W, Ludwig M. A double‐blind study of paroxetine compared with fluoxetine in geriatric patients with major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993;13 Suppl 2:34‐9. - PubMed
    1. Schone W, Ludwig M. Paroxetine in the treatment of depression in geriatric patients. A double‐blind comparative study with fluoxetine. Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie 1994;62 Suppl 1:16‐8. - PubMed
Ghaeli 2004 {published data only}
    1. Ghaeli P, Shahsavand E, Mesbahi M, Avarsaji K. Comparing the effects of 8‐week treatment with fluoxetine and imipramine on fasting blood glucose of patients with major depressive disorder. XII World Congress of Psychiatry, Yokohama, Japan. 2002. - PubMed
    1. Ghaeli P, Shahsavand E, Mesbahi M, Kamkar MZ, Sadeghi M, Dashti‐Khavidaki S. Comparing the effects of 8‐week treatment with fluoxetine and imipramine on fasting blood glucose of patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2004;24(4):386‐8. - PubMed
Gillin 1997 {published data only}
    1. Gillin JC, Rapaport M, Erman MK, Winokur A, Albala BJ. A comparison of nefazodone and fluoxetine on mood and on objective, subjective, and clinician‐rated measures of sleep in depressed patients: a double‐blind, 8‐week clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1997;58(5):185‐92. - PubMed
Ginestet 1989 {published data only}
    1. Ginestet D. Fluoxetine in endogenous depression and melancholia versus clomipramine. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4 Suppl 1:37‐40. - PubMed
Goldstein 2002 {published data only}
    1. Demitrack MA, Goldstein DJ, Mallinckrodt C, Lu Y. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine treatment of major depression. 154th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, New Orleans; LA. 2001.
    1. Goldstein DJ, Mallinckrodt C, Lu Y, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a double‐blind clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2002;63(3):225‐31. - PubMed
GSK 29060/356 {unpublished data only}
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. A double‐blind, multicenter study to compare paroxetine and fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder with regard to antidepressant efficacy, effects on associated anxiety and tolerability. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com) 1994.
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. Extension phase for a double‐blind, multicentre study to compare paroxetine and fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder with regard to antidepressant efficacy, effects on associated anxiety and tolerability. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register 1994 (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com) 1994.
Guelfi 1998 {published data only}
    1. Guelfi JD, Ansseau M, Corruble E, Samuelian JC, Tonelli I, Tournoux A, et al. A double‐blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of milnacipran and fluoxetine in depressed inpatients. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1998;13(3):121‐8. - PubMed
Guelfi 1999 {published data only}
    1. Guelfi JD. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine in elderly depressed. XIth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Paris, France. 1998.
    1. Guelfi JD, Bouhassira M, Bonett‐Perrin E, Lancrenon S. Study of the efficacy of fluoxetine versus tianeptine in the treatment of elderly depressed patients, followed in general practice. Encephale 1999;25(3):265‐70. - PubMed
Hale 2010 {published data only}
    1. Hale A. Efficacy and safety of agomelatine (25 mg/day with potential adjustment to 50 mg) given orally for eight weeks in out‐patients with severe major depressive disorder: a randomised double‐blind, parallel groups, international study versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with a double‐blind extension period of 16 weeks. Controlled‐Trials.com 2008 (http://www.controlled‐trials.com/ISRCTN19313268/servier).
    1. Hale A, Corral RM, Mencacci C, Ruiz JS, Severo CA, Gentil V. Superior antidepressant efficacy results of agomelatine versus fluoxetine in severe MDD patients: a randomised double‐blind study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2010;25(6):305‐14. - PubMed
Harrer 1999 {published data only}
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Hashemi 2012 {published data only}
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Joyce 2002 {published data only}
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    1. Sechter D, Troy S. Double blind randomized comparative study of sertraline and fluoxetine in depressive outpatients. VIth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Nice, France. 1997.
    1. Sechter D, Troy S, Paternetti S, Boyer P. A double‐blind comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depressive episode in outpatients. European Psychiatry: the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 1999;14(1):41‐8. - PubMed
    1. Sechter D, Troy S, Rioux P. A double blind comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depressive episode in out patients. XXth Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Melbourne, Australia. 1996.
Sheehan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sheehan DV, Nemeroff CB, Thase ME, Entsuah R, EPIC 016 Study Group. Placebo controlled inpatient comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine for the treatment of major depression with melancholic features. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2009;24(2):61‐86. - PubMed
Silverstone 1999 {published data only}
    1. Silverstone PH, Ravindran A. Once‐daily venlafaxine extended release (xr) compared with fluoxetine in outpatients with depression and anxiety. Venlafaxine xr 360 study group. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1999;60(1):22‐8. - PubMed
Smeraldi 1998 {published data only}
    1. Biondi F, Casadei G. Preliminary results of a randomized double blind study of amisulpride vs fluoxetine in 281 dysthymic patients. XXth Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Melbourne, Australia. 1996.
    1. Biondi F, Casadet G. Low‐dose amisulpride versus fluoxetine in 281 dysthymic patients ‐ a randomized medium‐term (3 months), double‐blind study. 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, New York, NY. 1996.
    1. Jori MC, Cesana BM, Casadei G. Onset of action in the pharmacologic treatment of dysthymia. XIth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Paris, France. 1998.
    1. Smeraldi E. Amisulpride in the treatment of dysthymia: Preliminary results in a comparative double‐blind study with fluoxetine. Nuova Rivista di Neurologia 1995;5 Suppl 2:22‐6.
    1. Smeraldi E. Amisulpride versus fluoxetine in patients with dysthymia or major depression in partial remission: A double‐blind, comparative study. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998;48(1):47‐56. - PubMed
SouthWalesGroup 1988 {published data only}
    1. South Wales Antidepressant Drug Trial Group. A double‐blind multi‐centre trial of fluoxetine and dothiepin in major depressive illness. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1988;3(1):75‐81. - PubMed
Sramek 1995 {published data only}
    1. Sramek JJ, Kashkin K, Jasinsky O, Kardatzke D, Kennedy S, Cutler NR. Placebo‐controlled study of ABT‐200 versus fluoxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Depression 1995;3(4):199‐203.
Stark 1985 {published data only}
    1. Stark P, Hardison CD. A review of multicenter controlled studies of fluoxetine vs imipramine and placebo in outpatients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1985;46:53‐8. - PubMed
Stephenson 2000 {published data only}
    1. Stephenson DA, Harris B, Davies RH, Mullin JM, Richardson E, Boardman H, et al. The impact of antidepressants on sleep and anxiety: A comparative study of fluoxetine and dothiepin using the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Human Psychopharmacology 2000;15(7):529‐34. - PubMed
Stratta 1991 {published data only}
    1. Stratta P, Bolino F, Cupillari M, Casacchia M. A double‐blind parallel study comparing fluoxetine with imipramine in the treatment of atypical depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1991;6(3):193‐6. - PubMed
    1. Stratta P, Cupillari M, Casacchia M. Double‐blind study comparing fluoxetine with imipramine in the treatment of atypical depression. Rivista Sperimentale Di Freniatria E Medicina Legale Delle Alienazioni Mentali 1992;116(1):148‐58.
Suleman 1997 {published data only}
    1. Suleman MI, Sebit MB, Acuda SW, Siziya S. Fluoxetine and moclobemide versus amitriptyline in major depression: a single blind randomised clinical trial in Zimbabwe. Central‐African Journal of Medicine 1997;43(2):38‐40.
Suri 2000 {published data only}
    1. Suri RA, Altshuler LL, Rasgon N, Calcagno J, Frye MA, Gitlin MJ, et al. A single‐blind trial assessing the effectiveness/efficacy of fluoxetine versus sertraline for the treatment of major depression. 153rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Chicago, IL. 2000.
    1. Suri RA, Altshuler LL, Rasgon NL, Calcagno JL, Frye MA, Gitlin MJ, et al. Efficacy and response time to sertraline versus fluoxetine in the treatment of unipolar major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2000;61(12):942‐6. - PubMed
Tamminen 1989 {published data only}
    1. Tamminen TT, Lehtinen VV. A double‐blind parallel study to compare fluoxetine with doxepin in the treatment of major depressive disorders. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4 Suppl 1:51‐6. - PubMed
Taner 2006 {published data only}
    1. Taner E, Demir EY, Cosar B. Comparison of the effectiveness of reboxetine versus fluoxetine in patients with atypical depression: a single blind, randomised clinical trial. Advances in Therapy 2006;23(6):974‐87. - PubMed
    1. Taner E, Yancar Demir E, Cosar B. Efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine compared to fluoxetine in patients with atypical depression. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;9 Suppl 1:S187.
Taneri 1989 {published data only}
    1. Taneri Z, Kohler R. Fluoxetine versus nomifensine in outpatients with neurotic or reactive depressive disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4(1):57‐61. - PubMed
Thompson 2000 {published data only}
    1. McKendrick J, Stephenson DA, Thompson C, Peveler RC. Compliance with antidepressant treatment of depression in primary care in the UK. XIth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Paris, France. 1998.
    1. Thompson C, Peveler RC, Stephenson D, McKendrick J. Compliance with antidepressant medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder in primary care: a randomised comparison of fluoxetine and a tricyclic antidepressant. American Journal of Psychiatry 2000;157(3):338‐43. - PubMed
Tignol 1993 {published data only}
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. A double‐blind, randomised, multicentre study comparing paroxetine 20mg daily versus fluoxetine 20mg daily in the treatment of adults with major depression with regard to antidepressant efficacy, tolerance and anxiolytic effect. [29060/087]. clinicaltrials.gov. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com). 1991.
    1. Tignol J. A double‐blind, randomised, fluoxetine‐controlled, multicenter study of paroxetine in the treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993;13 Suppl 2:18‐22. - PubMed
Tollefson 1994 {published data only}
    1. Tollefson GD, Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Heiligenstein JH, Sayler ME, Tollefson SL, et al. Is baseline agitation a relative contraindication for a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a comparative trial of fluoxetine versus imipramine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994;14(6):385‐91. - PubMed
    1. Tollefson GD, Heiligenstein JH, Tollefson SL, Birkett MA, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB. Is there a relationship between baseline and treatment‐associated changes in 3H‐IMI platelet binding and clinical response in major depression?. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996;14(1):47‐53. - PubMed
Tylee 1997 {published data only}
    1. Tylee A, Beaumont G, Bowden MW, Reynolds A. A double‐blind, randomised, 12‐week comparison study of the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in moderate to severe major depression in general‐practice. Primary Care Psychiatry 1997;3(1):51‐8.
Tzanakaki 2000 {published data only}
    1. Tzanakaki M, Guazzelli M, Nimatoudis I, Zissis NP. Increased remission rates with venlafaxine compared with fluoxetine in hospitalised patients with major depression and melancholia. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2000;15(1):29‐34. - PubMed
    1. Tzanakaki M, Ierodiakonou Ch, Dimitriou E, Alevizos V. Randomized, double‐blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in hospitalized patients with major depression and melancholia. XIth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Paris, France. 1998.
Upward 1988 {published data only}
    1. Upward JW, Edwards JG, Goldie A, Waller DG. Comparative effects of fluoxetine and amitriptyline on cardiac function. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1988;26(4):399‐402. - PMC - PubMed
Van Moffaert 1995 {published data only}
    1. Moffaert M, Bartholome F, Cosyns P, Nayer AR, Mertens C. A controlled comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in acute and continuation treatment of major depression. Human Psychopharmacology 1995;10(5):393‐405.
Versiani 1999 {published data only}
    1. Versiani M, Ontiveros A, Mazzotti G, Ospina J, Davila J, Mata S, et al. A double‐blind comparison of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression with associated anxiety ('anxious depression'). Cross Cultural Psychiatry 1999:249‐58. - PubMed
    1. Versiani M, Ontiveros A, Mazzotti G, Ospina J, Davila J, Mata S, et al. Fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression with associated anxiety (anxious depression): a double‐blind comparison. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1999;14(6):321‐7. - PubMed
    1. Versiani M, Plewes J, Ontiveiros A, Mazzotti G, Ospina J, Davila J, et al. Fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression with associated anxiety. XXIst Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Glasgow, Scotland. 1998.
    1. Versiani M, Plewes J, Ontiveiros A, Mazzotti G, Ospina J, Davila J, et al. Fluoxetine and ammitriptyline in the treatment of major depression with associated anxiety. XIth European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Paris, France. 1998.
    1. Versiani MV, Ontiveiros A, Mazzotti G, Ospina J, Davila J, Mata S, et al. A double‐blind comparison of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression with associated anxiety. 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1998.
Versiani 2005 {published data only}
    1. Versiani M, Moreno R, Ramakers‐van Moorsel CJ, Schutte AJ, Comparative Efficacy Antidepressants Study Group. Comparison of the effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in severely depressed patients. CNS Drugs 2005;19(2):137‐46. - PubMed
Wehmeier 2005 {published data only}
    1. Wehmeier PM, Kluge M, Maras A, Riemann D, Berger M, Kohnen R, Dittmann RW, Gattaz WF. Fluoxetine versus trimipramine in the treatment of depression in geriatric patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005;38(1):13‐6. - PubMed
WELL AK1A4006 {unpublished data only}
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. A multicenter, double blind, placebo‐controlled comparison of the safety and efficacy and effects on sexual functioning of Wellbutrin (bupropion HCI) Sustained Release (SR) and Fluoxetine in outpatients with moderate to severe recurrent Major Depression. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com).
Wheatley 1998 {published data only}
    1. Kremer CM. Mirtazapine versus fluoxetine ‐ efficacy on symptoms associated with depression. 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1998.
    1. Kremer CM. Mirtazapine vs fluoxetine: Efficacy on symptoms associated with depression. XXIst Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum, Glasgow, Scotland. 1998.
    1. Wheatley D, Kremer CM. A randomized, double‐blind comparison of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in patients with major depression. 150th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, San Diego, CA. 1997.
    1. Wheatley DP, Moffaert M, Timmerman L, Kremer CM (Mirtazapine‐Fluoxetine Study Group). Mirtazapine: efficacy and tolerability in comparison with fluoxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder. Mirtazapine‐Fluoxetine Study Group. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1998;59(6):306‐12. - PubMed
Williams 1993 {published data only}
    1. Williams R, Edwards RA, Newburn GM, Mullen R, Menkes DB, Segkar C. A double‐blind comparison of moclobemide and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressive disorders. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993;7(3‐4):155‐8. - PubMed
Winokur 2003 {published data only}
    1. Winokur A, DeMartinis NA 3rd, McNally DP, Gary EM, Cormier JL, Gary KA. Comparative effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine on sleep physiology measures in patients with major depression and insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2003;64(10):1224‐9. - PubMed
    1. Winokur A, Gary KA, DeMartinis NA, McNally DP, Rodner SA, Cormier JL. Comparative effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine on sleep continuity measures and daytime sleepiness in patients with major depression and insomnia: An interim report. 39th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, San Juan; Puerto Rico. 2000.
Wolf 2001 {published data only}
    1. Gattaz WF, Maras Schmidt AA, Löw Bahro HM, Kohnen Dittmann RW, Wolff Berger RM, Riemann D. Efficacy and safety of fluoxetine versus trimipramine in geriatric depression. Xth World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain. 1996.
    1. Wolf R, Dykierek P, Gattaz WF, Maras A, Kohnen R, Dittmann RW, et al. Differential effects of trimipramine and fluoxetine on sleep in geriatric depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 2001;34(2):60‐5. - PubMed
Young 1987 {published data only}
    1. Young JP, Coleman A, Lader MH. A controlled comparison of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in depressed out‐patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 1987;151:337‐40. - PubMed
Yu 1997 {published data only}
    1. Yu BR, Zhou DP, Zhang F. Fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of 22 depressive‐disorder cases: a double blind randomised study. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 1997;16(4):259‐60.
Zhao 2006 a {published data only}
    1. Eli Lilly. Depression with lack of motivation; comparison between fluoxetine and trazodone (ID#6706). [Trial B1Y‐GH‐S013; Summary ID#6706] www.lillytrials.com/results/Prozac.pdf.
    1. Zhao J, Ang Q, Wang J, Sun X, Wei J, Li M, Liu P. A comparative efficacy of fluoxetine and trazodone in depression with remarkable retardation and loss of energy: a randomised open‐label trial. Internal Medicine Journal ‐ Tokyo 2006;13(1):25‐30.

References to studies excluded from this review

Baca Baldomero 2005 {published data only}
    1. Baca Baldomero E, Giner Ubago J, Leal Cercos C, Vallejo Ruiloba J, Garcia Calvo C, Prieto Lopez R. Venlafaxine extended release versus conventional antidepressants in the remission of depressive disorders after previous antidepressant failure: ARGOS study. Depression and Anxiety 2005;22(2):68‐76. - PubMed
Bitrain 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bitran S, Farabaugh AH, Ameral VE, LaRocca RA, Clain AJ, Fava M, Mischoulon D. Do early changes in the HAM‐D‐17 anxiety/somatization factor items affect the treatment outcome among depressed outpatients? Comparison of two controlled trials of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) versus a SSRI. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2011;26(4):206‐12. - PMC - PubMed
Brasseur 1989 {published data only}
    1. Brasseur R. A multicenter open trial of fluoxetine in depressed out patients in Belgium. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4 Suppl 11:107‐11. - PubMed
Cohn 1989 {published data only}
    1. Cohn JB, Collins G, Ashbrook E, Wernicke JF. A comparison of fluoxetine imipramine and placebo in patients with bipolar depressive disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1989;4(4):313‐22. - PubMed
Ducher 2008 {published data only}
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Goodnick 1987 {published data only}
    1. Goodnick PJ, Fieve RR, Peselow ED, Barouche F, Schlegel A. Double‐blind treatment of major depression with fluoxetine: use of pattern analysis and relation of HAM‐D score to CGI change. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 23;1:162‐3. - PubMed
Gu 2001 {published data only}
    1. Gu NF, Li HF, Shu L, Zhang HY, et al. Multicenter study of St.John's wort extract in treatment of mild to moderate depression. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2001;10(5):271‐4.
Hunter 2006 {published data only}
    1. Hunter AM, Leuchter AF, Cook LA, Abrams M. Brain functional changes (QEEG cordance) and worsening suicidal ideation and mood symptoms during antidepressant treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2010;122(6):461‐9. - PubMed
    1. Hunter AM, Leuchter AF, Morgan ML, Cook LA. Changes in brain function (quantitative EEG cordance) during placebo lead‐in and treatment outcomes in clinical trials for major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;163(8):1426‐32. - PubMed
    1. Hunter AM, Ravikumar S, Cook LA, Leuchter AF. Brain functional changes during placebo lead‐in and changes in specific symptoms during pharmacotherapy for major depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2009;119(4):266‐73. - PubMed
Iovieno 2011 {published data only}
    1. Iovieno N, Nieuwenhuizen A, Clain A, Baer L, Nierenberg AA. Residual symptoms after remission of major depressive disorder with fluoxetine and risk of relapse. Depression and Anxiety 2011;28(2):137‐44. - PubMed
Kroenke 2001 {published data only}
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    1. Kroenke K, West SL, Swindle R, Gilsenan A, Eckert GJ, Dolor R, et al. Similar effectiveness of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline in primary care: A randomised trial. JAMA 2001;286(23):2947‐55. - PubMed
Musgnung 2005 {published data only}
    1. Musgnung J, Trivedi M, Benattia I, Graepel J. Depression remission rates with venlafaxine XR versus SSRIs using treatment algorithms. Psychiatriki 2005;16:217.
Nemetz 2005 {published data only}
    1. Nemets B, Bersudsky Y, Belmaker RH. Controlled double‐blind trial of phenytoin vs. fluoxetine in major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2005;66(5):586‐90. - PubMed
Peveler 2005 {published data only}
    1. Peveler R, Kendrick T, Buxton M, Longworth L, Baldwin D, Moore M, et al. A randomised controlled trial to compare the cost‐effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lofepramine. Health Technology Assessment 2005;9(16):1‐134. - PubMed
Roose 1994 {published data only}
    1. Roose SP, Glassman AH, Attia E, Woodring S. Comparative efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclics in the treatment of melancholia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1994;151(12):1735‐9. - PubMed
Schmidt 1999 {published data only}
    1. Schmidt U, Harrer G, Kuhn U, Biller A. Equivalence comparison of the st john's wort extract lohyp‐57 versus fluoxetine HCl. Zeitschrift fur Phytotherapie 1999;20(2):89‐90.
Serrano‐Blanco 2006 {published data only}
    1. Serrano‐Blanco A, Gabarron E, Garcia‐Bayo I, Soler‐Vila M, Caramés E, Peñarrubia‐Maria MT, et al. Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of antidepressant treatment in primary health care: a six‐month randomised study comparing fluoxetine to imipramine. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006;91(2‐3):153‐63. - PubMed
Simon 1996 {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, Korff M, Heiligenstein JH, Revicki DA, Grothaus L, Katon W, Wagner EH. Initial antidepressant choice in primary‐care: effectiveness and cost of fluoxetine vs tricyclic antidepressants. JAMA 1996;275(24):1897‐902. - PubMed
Simon 1998 {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, Heiligenstein JH, Grothaus L, Katon W, Revicki D. Should anxiety and insomnia influence antidepressant selection: a randomised comparison of fluoxetine and imipramine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1998;59(2):49‐55. - PubMed
Simon 1999 {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, Heiligenstein J, Revicki D, VonKorff M, Katon WJ, Ludman E, et al. Long‐term outcomes of initial antidepressant drug choice in a "real world" randomised trial. Archives of Family Medicine 1999;8(4):319‐25. - PubMed
Strik 1998 {published data only}
    1. Strik JJ, Honig A, Lousberg R, Cheriex EC, Praag HM. Cardiac side‐effects of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in middle‐aged and elderly depressed patients. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1998;13(6):263‐7. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Chen 2006 {published data only}
    1. Chen JD, Guo XF, Luo Q, Xun GL, Chen YG. A randomised and double‐blinded clinical trial of reboxetine mesylate for treatment of depression. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 2006;15:1678‐9.
GSK 29060/134 {published data only}
    1. GlaxoSmithKline. A randomized, double‐blind, controlled study of paroxetine and fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with major depression with associated anxiety. GSK ‐ Clinical Study Register (www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com) 2005.
    1. Silva JAC, Ruschel S, Caetano D. Double‐blind, randomised, controlled study of Paroxetine and Fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with major depression and associated anxiety [Estudo Randomizado, Duplo‐cego, Controlado de Paroxetina e Fluoxetina no Tratamento de Pacientes com Depressão Maior Associada à Ansiedade]. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (Sao Paulo) 1996;53(12):92‐6.
Huang 2006a {published data only}
    1. Huang J, Sun Z. A control study of citalopram and fluoxetine in first‐episode senile depression. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases 2006;12:175‐6.
Huang 2006b {published data only}
    1. Huang K. Contrast study of citalopram and fluoxetine in treatment of depression. Modern Medicine and Health 2006;20:1456‐7.
Jiang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Jiang R‐H, Du B, Zhang H‐Y. Randomized, double blind, double‐dummy, multicenter, parallel controlled clinical trial of Kaiyuanshen in the treatment of depressive disorder. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2006;22:15‐7.
Li 2005 {published data only}
    1. Li HF, Zhao JP, Kuang WH, Yao PF, Chen JD, Sun XL, et al. Bupropion‐sustained release in treatment of depression (72 patients): a randomised, double‐blind, double‐dummy, multicenter clinical trial. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies 2005;24:614‐8.
Li 2006a {published data only}
    1. Li HF, Ma C, Chen YG, Fan JX, Gu NF. Clinical effect of reboxetine in the treatment of anxiety in depressive patients. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2006;15:339‐42.
Li 2006b {published data only}
    1. Li L, Zhang H, Chen J. A control study on the curative effect and reliability of reboxetine with fluoxetine for treatment of depression. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science 2006;15:721‐2.
Li 2006c {published data only}
    1. Li N, Ji WD, Zhang DH, Li Y. Efficacy and safety of reboxetine versus fluoxetine for the elders with depression. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 2006;15:1682‐4.
Liang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Liang C, Liu L, Zhang X. A comparative study of citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. Shandong Archives of Psychiatry 2005;18:82‐3.
Licinio 2004 {published data only}
    1. Licinio J, O'Kirwan F, Irizarry K, Merriman B, Thakur S, Jepson R, et al. Association of a corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor 1 haplotype and antidepressant treatment response in Mexican‐Americans. Molecular Psychiatry 2004;9:1075‐82. - PubMed
    1. National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). Antidepressant Treatment of Mexican‐Americans: UCLA Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Research Group. clinicaltrials.gov.
Ma 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ma X, Gao C, Tan Q. Bupropion SR and fluoxetine in treatment of depression in multicenter clinical trial. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) 2007;28:533‐6.
NCT00909155 {published data only}
    1. Kolden G. Brain Imaging Techniques That Predict Antidepressant Responsiveness. www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00909155.
    1. Light SN, Heller AS, Johnstone T, Kolden GG, Peterson MJ, Kalin NH, et al. Reduced right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activity while inhibiting positive affect is associated with improvement in hedonic capacity after 8 Weeks of antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 2011;70(10):962‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Qin 2006 {published data only}
    1. Qin S. The efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in treatment of patients with first‐episode depression. Medical Journal of Chinese People Health 2006;18:519‐21.
Sackeim 2006 {published data only}
    1. Sackeim HA, Roose SP, Lavori PW. Determining the duration of antidepressant treatment: application of signal detection methodology and the need for duration adaptive designs (DAD). Biological Psychiatry 2006;59:483‐92. - PubMed
Salehi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Salehi B, Sanjani FG. Comparison of the effect of fluoxetine and imipramine on fasting blood sugar of patients with major depressive disorders, four and eight weeks after treatment [Arabic]. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2009;14:45‐51.
Shen 2005 {published data only}
    1. Shen YF, Li HF, Ma C, et al. Comparison of reboxetine with fluoxetine in treatment of depression: a randomised double‐blind multicenter study. Chinese Journal of New Medicines and Clinical Practice 2005;24:619‐23.
Stassen 1999 {published data only}
    1. Stassen HH, Angst J, Delini‐Stula A. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide: Cross‐comparison between the time courses of improvement. Pharmacopsychiatry 1999;32:56‐60. - PubMed
Su 2006 {published data only}
    1. Su H, Jiang K, Lou F, et al. The cognition function comparison study between venlafaxine and fluoxetine hydrochloride in first‐episode major depression treatment. Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 2006;32:32‐8.
Sun 2005 {published data only}
    1. Sun CY, Wang GH, Zhou T, Tian YL. A comparative clinical study for venlafaxine versus fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 2005;14:617‐9.
Sun 2006 {published data only}
    1. Sun P, Song L, Sun F. Comparative study of fluoxetine vs venlafaxine in treatment of depressive patients who cured by fluoxetine but had no obvious effect. Medical Journal of Chinese People Health 2006;28:545‐6.
Tan 1997 {published data only}
    1. Tan MG, He Qi, Gao CL, Ren YP, Zhang TL. Fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of 18 depressive‐disorder cases: a double blind randomised study. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 1997;16:262‐3.
Wang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wang J, Hu Y, Qi F. Comparison of event‐related potential P300 in the geriatric depression treated with venlafaxine or fluoxetine. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry 2006;18:94‐7.
Wang 2007a {published data only}
    1. Wang D, Wang X, Li X. Comparison between the effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine on the life quality of the depressive disorder. Nervous Diseases and Mental Health 2007;7:23‐5.
Wang 2007b {published data only}
    1. Wang X, Zhang B, Li J, Sun X‐L. Double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomised controlled trials of bupropion hydrochloride sustained‐release tablets for depression. Chinese Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine 2007;7:409‐14.
Wang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Wang X‐Q, Zhang H‐Y, Shu L, et al. Efficacy and safety of morinda officinalis oligose capsule in the treatment of mild or moderate depression. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 2009;18:802‐5.
Wang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wang HC, Chen PS. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 influence treatment response to antidepresants in a Taiwanese population with major depressive disorder [conference abstract]. Biological Psychiatry [abstracts from the 66th Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry San Francisco, CA United States May 12‐14, 2011] 2011; Vol. 69.
Xiao 2005 {published data only}
    1. Xiao B, Xie W, Shi Z. A clinical control study of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in the treatment of senile depression. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science 2005;14:703‐4.
Xu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Xu S‐Q, Cao J, Huang W‐W. Comparison of escitalopram with fluoxetine in old depressive patients. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 2010;19:207‐9.
Zhao 2005 {published data only}
    1. Zhao HD, Wang JL, Xia JM. A comparative study of citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of senile depressive disorders. Chinese Mental Health Journal 2005;19:355‐6.
Zhao 2006 {published data only}
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References to ongoing studies

ChiCTR‐TRC‐11001668 {unpublished data only}
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References to other published versions of this review

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