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Review
. 2014 Feb;28(2):126-33.
doi: 10.1038/eye.2013.254. Epub 2013 Dec 20.

Genetic and environmental effects on myopia development and progression

E Goldschmidt  1 , N Jacobsen  2
Affiliations
Review

Genetic and environmental effects on myopia development and progression

E Goldschmidt et al. Eye (Lond). 2014 Feb.

Abstract

This review aims at elucidating the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of primarily low myopia. Genetics greatly influence the growth of the eye, but the fine correlation between the components of refraction for the eye to become emmetrope is affected by environmental factors such as education, metabolism, physical activity, and outdoor activity.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Two sisters with high myopia, one bilateral and the other unilateral. All three high myopic eyes show very steep corneas. (b) A father and two daughters with high myopia, mainly caused by axial elongation. Moderately reduced visual acuity and retinal changes in the posterior pole in all cases. (c) A mother and two sons with high myopia, mainly caused by axial elongation. The eldest son had a retinal detachment in his left eye, which is now pseudophacic.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Late-onset myopia in textile workers controlling the texture for weaving faults and repairing the faults. The cause for myopia development could be a combination of eye and head movements with retinal image shift and variations in accommodation rate.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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