Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D in assessing and valuing health status in patients with social phobia

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D in patients with social phobia.

Methods: We used a sample of 445 patients with social phobia with five measurement points over a 30 month period. The discriminative ability of the EQ-5D was analysed by comparing the patients' responses with the general population and between different disease severity levels. For test-retest reliability we assessed the level of agreement in patients' responses over time, when there was no change in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Construct validity was analysed by identifying correlations of the EQ-5D with more specific instruments. For responsiveness we compared the means of EQ VAS/EQ-5D index anchored on improved (deteriorated) health status and computed effect sizes as well as a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results: Compared to the general population, patients with social phobia reported more problems in the dimensions "usual activities", "pain/discomfort", and "anxiety/depression" and less problems in "mobility" and "self-care". The EQ-5D was able to distinguish between different disease severity levels. The test-retest reliability was moderate (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.6). Correlations between the EQ-5D and other instruments were mostly small except for correlations with Beck Depression Inventory. The EQ-5D index seemed to be more responsive than the EQ VAS, but with only medium effect sizes (0.5 < effect size < 0.8) in the British EQ-5D index and only significant in patients with improved health status. The ROC analysis revealed no significant results.

Conclusions: The EQ-5D was moderately reliable and responsive in patients with improved health status. Construct validity was limited.

Trial registration: Current controlled trials ISRCTN53517394.

Figure 1

Comparison of EQ-5D dimensions between patient sample (n = 445) and general population (n = 3137). Data of the general population from [28]. Respondents of the general population were adjusted to age and gender. There were one missing value in “usual activities” (n = 444) and two missing values in “anxiety/depression” (n = 443) in patients with social phobia.