Economic impact of hospitalisations among patients in the last year of life: an observational study

Abstract

Background: Hospital admissions among patients at the end of life have a significant economic impact. Avoiding unnecessary hospitalisations has the potential for significant cost savings and is often in line with patient preference.

Objective: To determine the extent of potentially avoidable hospital admissions among patients admitted to hospital in the last year of life and to cost these accordingly.

Design: An observational retrospective case note review with economic impact assessment.

Setting: Two large acute hospitals in the North of England, serving contrasting socio-demographic populations.

Patients: A total of 483 patients who died within 1 year of admission to hospital.

Measurements: Data were collected across a range of clinical, demographic, economic and service use variables and were collected from hospital case notes and routinely collected sources. Palliative medicine consultants identified admissions that were potentially avoidable.

Results: Of 483 admissions, 35 were classified as potentially avoidable. Avoiding these admissions and caring for the patients in alternative locations would save the two hospitals £5.9 million per year. Reducing length of stay in all 483 patients by 14% has the potential to save the two hospitals £47.5 million per year; however, this cost would have to be offset against increased community care costs.

Limitations: A lack of accurate cost data on alternative care provision in the community limits the accuracy of economic estimates.

Conclusions: Reducing length of hospital stay in palliative care patients may offer the potential to achieve higher hospital cost savings than preventing avoidable admissions. Further research is required to determine both the feasibility of reducing length of hospital stay for patients with palliative care needs and the economic impact of doing so.

Keywords: Hospital; acute care; avoidable admissions; economic; inappropriate admissions.