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. 2013:2013:304713.
doi: 10.1155/2013/304713. Epub 2013 Nov 25.

Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T. Nees) Torrend: Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Pui-Mun Chan  1 , Gowri Kanagasabapathy  2 , Yee-Shin Tan  1 , Vikineswary Sabaratnam  1 , Umah Rani Kuppusamy  2
Affiliations

Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T. Nees) Torrend: Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Pui-Mun Chan et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013.

Abstract

Amauroderma rugosum is a wild mushroom that is worn as a necklace by the indigenous communities in Malaysia to prevent fits and incessant crying by babies. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritive composition and antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects of A. rugosum extracts on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Nutritional analysis of freeze-dried mycelia of A. rugosum (KUM 61131) from submerged culture indicated a predominant presence of carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibre, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. The ethanol crude extract (EE), its hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and aqueous (AF) fractions of mycelia of A. rugosum grown in submerged culture were evaluated for antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects. EAF exhibited the highest total phenolic content and the strongest antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. HF showed dose-dependent inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and NO radical scavenging activity. Gas chromatographic analysis of HF revealed the presence of ethyl linoleate and ergosterol, compounds with known anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the nutritive compositions and significant antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects of mycelia extracts of A. rugosum have the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent or adjuvant in the management of inflammatory disorders.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlation between EC50 value of DPPH and TPC.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between EC50 value of ABTS and TPC.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effects of A. rugosum extracts on RAW264.7 cell viability. RAW264.7 cells were treated with A. rugosum extracts and cells without any treatment were expressed as 100%. Data were means ± S.D., n = 3, and ∗, #, † P < 0.05 compared to control 100%.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of A. rugosum extracts on LPS-induced NO production by RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were coincubated with various concentrations of A. rugosum extracts and 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 hrs. L-NAME (250 μM) served as positive control. Results shown represent the mean ± S.D., n = 3, and *P < 0.05 versus LPS-induced NO level alone.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of A. rugosum extracts on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell viability. Cell viability of LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells was assessed using MTT method. Data shown were mean ± S.D., n = 3, and ∗, #, † P < 0.05 compared to control 100%.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of A. rugosum extracts on NO production by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). A. rugosum extracts were coincubated with SNP (5 mM dissolved in PBS) solution for 90 minutes. Quercetin (6.25 μg/mL) was served as positive control. Results shown represent the mean ± S.D., n = 3, and *P < 0.05 versus SNP-produced NO alone.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chromatogram of HF of A. rugosum.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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