Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2013

Abstract

This review highlights some of the research advances in anaphylaxis; hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects; and allergic skin diseases that were reported in the Journal in 2013. Studies on food allergy suggest that (1) 7.6% of the US population is affected, (2) a "healthy" early diet might prevent food allergy, (3) the skin might be an important route of sensitization, (4) allergen component testing might aid diagnosis, (5) the prognosis of milk allergy might be predictable through early testing, (6) oral or sublingual immunotherapy show promise but also have caveats, and (7) preclinical studies show promising alternative modes of immunotherapy and desensitization. Studies on eosinophilic esophagitis show a relationship to connective tissue disorders and that dietary management is an effective treatment for adults. Markers of anaphylaxis severity have been determined and might inform potential diagnostics and therapeutic targets. Insights on serum tests for drug and insect sting allergy might result in improved diagnostics. Genetic and immune-mediated defects in skin epithelial differentiation contribute to the severity of atopic dermatitis. Novel management approaches to treatment of chronic urticaria, including use of omalizumab, are being identified.

Keywords: AD; Atopic dermatitis; Dermatology; EoE; Eosinophilic esophagitis; FPIES; Food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome; Galactose-α-1,3-galactose; LCT; Long-chain triglyceride; MCT; Medium-chain triglyceride; OFC; OIT; OR; OVA; Odds ratio; Oral food challenge; Oral immunotherapy; Ovalbumin; PAF; Platelet-activating factor; Regulatory T; SLIT; SPT; Skin prick test; Sublingual immunotherapy; Treg; WT; Wild-type; allergy; anaphylaxis; atopic dermatitis; drug; food; hypersensitivity disorders; insect venom; skin disease; urticaria; α-Gal.