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. 2013 Nov 28:2013:376216.
doi: 10.1155/2013/376216. eCollection 2013.

Extraction optimization of Tinospora cordifolia and assessment of the anticancer activity of its alkaloid palmatine

Huma Ali  1 , Savita Dixit  1
Affiliations

Extraction optimization of Tinospora cordifolia and assessment of the anticancer activity of its alkaloid palmatine

Huma Ali et al. ScientificWorldJournal. .

Abstract

Objective: To optimize the conditions for the extraction of alkaloid palmatine from Tinospora cordifolia by using response surface methodology (RSM) and study its anticancerous property against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.

Methods: The effect of three independent variables, namely, extraction temperature, time, and cycles was investigated by using central composite design. A single topical application of DMBA (100 μg/100 μL of acetone), followed 2 weeks later by repeated application of croton oil (1% in acetone three times a week) for 16 weeks, exhibited 100 percent tumor incidence (Group 2).

Results: The highest yield of alkaloid from Tinospora cordifolia could be achieved at 16 hours of extraction time under 40°C with 4 extraction cycles. Alkaloid administration significantly decreases tumor size, number, and the activity of serum enzyme when compared with the control (Group 2). In addition, depleted levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase and increased DNA damage were restored in palmatine treated groups.

Conclusion: The data of the present study clearly indicate the anticancer potential of palmatine alkaloid in DMBA induced skin cancer model in mice.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlation between predicted and experimental values of the yield of Tinospora cordifolia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Contour plots showing the effect of extraction temperature, extraction time, and extraction cycle on the yield of Tinospora cordifolia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flavonoid-induced reduction of tumor in Swiss albino mice. (a) Group 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil), (b) Group 4 (palmatine 100 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil), (c) Group 5 (palmatine 200 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Light microphotographs of cross-sections of mouse skin. (a) Group 1: mouse received normal water demonstrating normal histological architecture,H&E, 400X. (b) Group 2: mouse topical exposure to DMBA + croton oil demonstrating damage ( → ) in dermal layer. H&E. 400X. (c) Group 3-mouse oral and topical exposure to palmatine for 16 weeks showing normal histological architecture. H&E. 400X. (d) Group 4: mouse oral (palmatine 100 mg/kg) and topical (DMBA + croton oil) exposure showing some normal histological architecture, H&E, 400X. Group 5: mouse oral (palmatine 200 mg/kg) and topical (DMBA + croton oil) exposure showing normal histological architecture,H&E, 400X.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DNA damage in the lymphocytes after different exposures (a) % Tail DNA. (b) Group 1, (c) Group 2, (d) Group 3, and (e) Group 4. Each value represents the mean ± S.E. of three experiments. *P < 0.05 versus control.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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