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. 2013:2013:256549.
doi: 10.1155/2013/256549. Epub 2013 Nov 27.

Photosystem II photochemistry and phycobiliprotein of the red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and their implications for light adaptation

Xiangyu Guan  1 , Jinfeng Wang  2 , Jianyi Zhu  3 , Chunyan Yao  3 , Jianguo Liu  2 , Song Qin  4 , Peng Jiang  2
Affiliations

Photosystem II photochemistry and phycobiliprotein of the red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and their implications for light adaptation

Xiangyu Guan et al. Biomed Res Int. 2013.

Abstract

Photosystem II photochemistry and phycobiliprotein (PBP) genes of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii, raw material of κ -carrageenan used in food and pharmaceutical industries, were analyzed in this study. Minimum saturating irradiance (I k) of this algal species was less than 115 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Its actual PSII efficiency (yield II) increased when light intensity enhanced and decreased when light intensity reached 200 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Under dim light, yield II declined at first and then increased on the fourth day. Under high light, yield II retained a stable value. These results indicate that K. alvarezii is a low-light-adapted species but possesses regulative mechanisms in response to both excessive and deficient light. Based on the PBP gene sequences, K. alvarezii, together with other red algae, assembled faster and showed a closer relationship with LL-Prochlorococcus compared to HL-Prochlorococcus. Many amino acid loci in PBP sequences of K. alvarezii were conserved with those of LL-Prochlorococcus. However, loci conserved with HL-Prochlorococcus but divergent with LL-Prochlorococcus were also found. The diversities of PE and PC are proposed to have played some roles during the algal evolution and divergence of light adaption.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Variation of actual PSII efficiency (yield II) of Kappaphycus alvarezii grown under different light intensities. Indicated data are the mean data of three independent experiments (±SD).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rapid light curves (RLCs) of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated under different light intensities. Indicated data are the mean data of three independent experiments (±SD).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic tree of Kappaphycus alvarezii, 12 other red algae, and sequenced cyanobacteria based on PE. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support given as bootstrap values from neighbor joining (NJ)/maximum parsimony (MP) analysis. Numbers are only shown if they exceed 50, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Predicted structure model of PE β-subunit (a) and α-subunit (b) of Kappaphycus alvarezii. PDB-1b8dK and PDB-1liaB were chosen as the model templates, respectively.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Highly conserved or divergent amino acid loci in APC and PC sequences of Kappaphycus alvarezii.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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