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. 2014 Mar;9(2):56-62.
doi: 10.1089/bfm.2013.0106. Epub 2013 Dec 31.

Nipple pain, damage, and vasospasm in the first 8 weeks postpartum

Miranda L Buck  1 , Lisa H Amir, Meabh Cullinane, Susan M Donath; CASTLE Study Team
Affiliations

Nipple pain, damage, and vasospasm in the first 8 weeks postpartum

Miranda L Buck et al. Breastfeed Med. 2014 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Nipple pain and damage are common in the early postpartum period and are associated with early cessation of breastfeeding and comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and mastitis. The incidence of nipple vasospasm has not been reported previously. This article describes nipple pain and damage prospectively in first-time mothers and explores the relationship between method of birth and nipple pain and/or damage.

Subjects and methods: A prospective cohort of 360 primiparous women was recruited in Melbourne, Australia, in the interval 2009-2011, and after birth participants were followed up six times. The women completed a questionnaire about breastfeeding practices and problems at each time point. Pain scores were graphically represented using spaghetti plots to display each woman's experience of pain over the 8 weeks of the study.

Results: After birth, before they were discharged home from hospital, 79% (250/317) of the women in this study reported nipple pain. Over the 8 weeks of the study 58% (198/336) of women reported nipple damage, and 23% (73/323) reported vasospasm. At 8 weeks postpartum 8% (27/340) of women continued to report nipple damage, and 20% (68/340) were still experiencing nipple pain. Ninety-four percent (320/340) of the women were breastfeeding at the end of the study, and there was no correlation between method of birth and nipple pain and/or damage.

Conclusions: Nipple pain is a common problem for new mothers in Australia and often persists for several weeks. Further studies are needed to establish the most effective means of preventing and treating breastfeeding problems in the postnatal period.

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Figures

<b>FIG. 1.</b>
FIG. 1.
Spaghetti plots of pain by week for individual women. wk, week.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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