Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2014 Jul;46(7):1293-301.
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000242.

Aerobic and strength training in concomitant metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes

Conrad P Earnest  1 , Neil M Johannsen, Damon L Swift, Fiona B Gillison, Catherine R Mikus, Alejandro Lucia, Kimberly Kramer, Carl J Lavie, Timothy S Church
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Aerobic and strength training in concomitant metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes

Conrad P Earnest et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose: Concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome exacerbates mortality risk; yet, few studies have examined the effect of combining (AER + RES) aerobic (AER) and resistance (RES) training for individuals with T2D and metabolic syndrome.

Methods: We examined AER, RES, and AER + RES training (9 months) commensurate with physical activity guidelines in individuals with T2D (n = 262; 63% female, 44% black). Primary outcomes were change in, and prevalence of, metabolic syndrome score at follow-up (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Secondary outcomes included maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and estimated METs from time-to-exhaustion (TTE) and exercise efficiency calculated as the slope of the line between ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation, and maximal fitness. General linear models and bootstrapped Spearman correlations were used to examine changes in metabolic syndrome associated with training primary and secondary outcome variables.

Results: We observed a significant decrease in metabolic syndrome scores (P for trend = 0.003) for AER (-0.59, 95% CI = -1.00 to -0.21) and AER + RES (-0.79, 95% CI = -1.40 to -0.35), both being significant (P ≤ 0.02) versus control (0.26, 95% CI = -0.58 to 0.40) and RES (-0.13, 95% CI = -1.00 to 0.24). This led to a reduction in metabolic syndrome prevalence for the AER (56% vs 43%) and AER + RES (55% vs 46%) groups between baseline and follow-up. The observed decrease in metabolic syndrome was mediated by significant improvements in exercise efficiency for the AER and AER + RES training groups (P < 0.05), which was more strongly related to TTE (25%-30%; r = -0.38, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.19) than VO2peak (5%-6%; r = -0.24, 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.01).

Conclusions: AER and AER + RES training significantly improved metabolic syndrome scores and prevalence in patients with T2D. These improvements appear to be associated with improved exercise efficiency and are more strongly related to improved TTE versus VO2peak.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Represents mean change ± 95% CI in NCEP ATP III defined metabolic syndrome scores from baseline to follow-up. Statistical notations represent significance as: a Aerobic vs. Control, P = 0.028 b Aerobic vs. Resistance P = 0.02 c Aerobic+Resistance vs. Control, P = 0.005 d Aerobic+Resistance vs. Resistance, P = 0.003.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Represents mean change ± 95% CI in METs measured from V02peak and calculated from speed and grade at time-to-exhaustion during maximal treadmill testing. Statistical notations represent significance versus Control; * P < 0.03.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Data represent mean ± 95% CI changes VT1 (top panel), VT2 (middle panel) and time-to-exhaustion (TTE, bottom panel). Statistical notations represent significance versus Control; * P < 0.03.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Fruchart JC, James WP, Loria CM, Smith SC., Jr Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640–1645. - PubMed
    1. Albright A, Franz M, Hornsby G, Kriska A, Marrero D, Ullrich I, Verity LS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(7):1345–1360. - PubMed
    1. American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 4th ed. Lea & Febiger; 1991. pp. 285–300.
    1. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1998 Jun;30(6):975–991. - PubMed
    1. Baba R, Nagashima M, Goto M, Nagano Y, Yokota M, Tauchi N, Nishibata K. Oxygen uptake efficiency slope: a new index of cardiorespiratory functional reserve derived from the relation between oxygen uptake and minute ventilation during incremental exercise. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1996 Nov 15;28(6):1567–1572. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources