doi: 10.4161/onci.26536.
Epub 2013 Oct 10.
Immunogenic cell death in radiation therapy
Affiliations
- PMID: 24404424
- PMCID: PMC3881599
- DOI: 10.4161/onci.26536
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Immunogenic cell death in radiation therapy
Oncoimmunology.
.
No abstract available
Keywords: ATP; caspases; chemotherapy; immunogenic cell death; radiotherapy; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Figures
Figure 1. Immunogenic cell death in radiation therapy. Irradiated cancer cells generally undergo a permanent proliferation arrest known as cell senescence or succumb to mitochondrial apoptosis upon the activation of the DNA damage response. As they die, these cells release potentially cytotoxic factors such as reactive-oxygen species, which may promote the demise of neighboring, non-irradiated or radioresistant cells (local bystander effect). In immunocompromised hosts, these 2 mechanisms account for most, if not all, the therapeutic efficacy of ionizing irradiation. When neoplastic cells succumb to radiation therapy, they also emit a specific combination of signals that elicits tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The immune effectors that are generated in this setting can act systemically, hence eradicating distant, non-irradiated lesions (long-range, out-of-field or abscopal effect). In immunocompetent hosts, the efficacy of radiotherapy appears to rely for the most part on abscopal effects. DC, dendritic cell.
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