Body fat, body fat distribution, lean body mass and atrial fibrillation and flutter. A Danish cohort study

Abstract

Objective: It is recognized that higher height and weight are associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF) but it is unclear whether risk of AF is related to body fat, body fat location, or lean body mass.

Methods: This article reports the Danish population-based prospective cohort Diet, Cancer and Health study conducted among 55,273 men and women 50-64 years of age at recruitment. The associations between bioelectrical impedance derived measures of body composition and combinations of anthropometric measures of body fat distribution and risk of an incident record of AF in the Danish Registry of Patients were investigated.

Results: During follow-up (median 13.5 years) AF developed in 1,669 men and 912 women. Higher body fat at any measured location was associated with higher risk of AF. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per 1 sex-specific standard deviation (SD) increment in body fat mass was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.33). Higher lean body mass was also associated with a higher risk of AF. The adjusted HR for 1 sex-specific SD increment was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.35-1.45).

Conclusion: Higher body fat and higher lean body mass were both associated with higher risk of AF.

Figure 1

Splines with four knots of age and sex adjusted (broken lines) and fully adjusted (solid lines) relation between measures of anthropometry or body composition and risk of AF. Shaded areas are 95% confidence intervals around fully adjusted splines. For information on fully adjusted model consult method section. P-values for deviation from log-linearity: Height (p = 0.5), weight (p = 0.5), body mass index (p = 0.01), waist circumference (p = 0.4), hip circumference (p = 0.3), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.5), body fat mass (p = 0.01), body fat percentage (p < 0.001), lean body mass (p = 0.5).