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. 2014 Jan 16;17(1):18526.
doi: 10.7448/IAS.17.1.18526. eCollection 2014.

The case for addressing primary resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to treat children born from mothers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

Khady Kébé  1 , Laurent Bélec  2 , Halimatou Diop Ndiaye  1 , Sokhna Bousso Gueye  1 , Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara  1 , Safiétou Ngom  1 , Ndéye Rama Diagne Gueye  3 , Ngagne Mbaye  4 , Haby Signaté Sy  3 , Souleymane Mboup  1 , Coumba Touré Kane  5
Affiliations

The case for addressing primary resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to treat children born from mothers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

Khady Kébé et al. J Int AIDS Soc. .

Abstract

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutations (DRMs) was estimated in 25 untreated infants who were living with HIV-1, younger than 13 months and living in Senegal. Antiretroviral DRMs were detected in 8 of 25 (32%) children. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) DRMs were present in all (100%) children whose viruses harboured DRMs: K103N in 43%; Y181C, K101E and V106M each in 29%; and Y188L in 14%. The D67N thymidine-analogue mutation was observed in only two children whose mothers had received chemoprophylaxis of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The proportion of children whose viruses harboured DRMs was then 6.5-fold higher in children whose mother-child couples had received nevirapine (NVP)-based chemoprophylaxis than in other couples without prophylaxis [7 of 13 (53.8%) vs. 1 of 12 (8.3%)]. These findings point to the absolute need to address primary resistance mutations in case of virological failure in young children treated by antiretroviral drugs, and to make more effective treatment regimens available to NVP-exposed infants living with HIV-1 in Senegal.

Keywords: HIV antiretroviral drug resistance; Senegal; children; mother-to-child transmission; nevirapine.

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