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. 2013 Oct 1;5(4):e163-8.
doi: 10.4317/jced.51097.

Influence of surface treatments on enamel susceptibility to staining by cigarette smoke

Juliana C Públio  1 , Maria Bf D'Arce  2 , Nádia M Brunharo  3 , Gláucia Mb Ambrosano  4 , Flávio Hb Aguiar  5 , José R Lovadino  6 , Débora Anl Lima  5
Affiliations

Influence of surface treatments on enamel susceptibility to staining by cigarette smoke

Juliana C Públio et al. J Clin Exp Dent. .

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of remineralizing agents, including artificial saliva, neutral fluoride, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), on the susceptibility of bleached enamel to staining by cigarette smoke.

Study design: Fifty bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): G1- bleaching; G2- bleaching and immersion in artificial saliva; G3- bleaching and application of CPP-ACP; G4- bleaching and application of neutral fluoride; and G5- untreated (Control). Teeth were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide and treated with the appropriate remineralizing agent. After treatment, all groups were exposed to cigarette smoke. Enamel color measurements were performed at three different times: before treatment (T1), after treatment (bleaching and remineralizing agent) (T2), and after staining (T3), by using the CIE Lab method with a spectrophotometer. The data coordinate L* was evaluated by analysis of repeated-measures PROC MIXED and Tukey-Kramer's test, and the ΔE values were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results: The G1 group did not show any statistically significant difference for L* values between times T1 and T2. The G4 and G5 groups showed lower L* values at T3 compared to T2. No significant differences between the groups were observed for ΔE (after treatment and staining). However, G4 showed a clinically apparent color change.

Conclusions: Treatment of bleached enamel with neutral fluoride can contribute to the increased staining of enamel due to cigarette smoke. Key words:Spectrophotometer, remineralizing agents, bleaching.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM observation: A) Bleaching + Smoke, B) Control + Smoke, at 1000× magnification..
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM observation: A) Bleaching + Saliva + Smoke; B) Bleaching + CPP-ACP + Smoke; C) Bleaching + Fluoride + Smoke, at 1000× magnification.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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