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. 2014 Apr;39(4):768-81.
doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.015. Epub 2013 Dec 29.

Patterns and correlates of polytobacco use in the United States over a decade: NSDUH 2002-2011

Brian V Fix  1 , Richard J O'Connor  2 , Lisa Vogl  2 , Danielle Smith  2 , Maansi Bansal-Travers  2 , Kevin P Conway  3 , Bridget Ambrose  4 , Ling Yang  4 , Andrew Hyland  2
Affiliations

Patterns and correlates of polytobacco use in the United States over a decade: NSDUH 2002-2011

Brian V Fix et al. Addict Behav. 2014 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Few studies have examined the patterns and correlates of polytobacco use among a large, nationally representative population over an extended period of time.

Methods: This study examined 10years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to establish time trends and correlates for exclusive and mixed use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (SLT), cigars, and pipes.

Results: Results show that rates of polytobacco use were essentially unchanged from 2002 to 2011 (8.7% to 7.4%), though some product combinations, including cigarettes and SLT, cigars and SLT, and use of more than two products have increased. In tobacco users under age 26, the proportion of polytobacco use increased, even as overall tobacco use declined. The factors associated with polytobacco use among tobacco users included sex, income, education, risk taking/seeking behaviors, and outward indicators of 'risk-liability'.

Conclusions: Findings provide a snapshot of trends of single and polytobacco product use as well as trends in combinations of product use. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the sequence of individual patterns of tobacco product use and to identify whether polytobacco use results in greater nicotine dependence, increased exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents and/or greater risk of tobacco related disease.

Keywords: Cigarettes; Cigars; Polytobacco use; Smokeless tobacco; Tobacco; Tobacco use trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. There have been no involvements that might raise the question of bias in the work reported or in the conclusions, implications, or opinions stated. The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the authors only and do not necessarily represent the views, official policy or position of the US Department of Health and Human Services or any of its affiliated institutions or agencies.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Past 12-Month Polytobacco Use Patterns Among Those Who Reported Using Tobacco Products 2002–2011 (n=201,702) Note: In 2011, 0.57% reported using some tobacco product, but did not indicate which product was used
Figure 2
Figure 2
Past 30 Day Polytobacco Use Patterns Among Those Who Reported Using Tobacco Products 2002–2011 (n=160,194)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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