Effect of a park-based after-school program on participant obesity-related health outcomes

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a structured after-school program housed in a large county parks system on participant health and wellness outcomes.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study over one school year (fall 2011-spring 2012).

Setting: A total of 23 county parks in Florida.

Subjects: Children ages 5 to 16 (N = 349, 55% non-Hispanic black, 40% Hispanic, mean age 8.9 years).

Intervention: An after-school program called Fit-2-Play that integrates daily standardized physical activity and health and wellness education components.

Measures: Preintervention (August/September 2011) and postintervention (May/June 2012) anthropometric, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fitness, and health and wellness knowledge measurements were collected.

Analysis: Comparison of pre-post outcome measure means were assessed via general linear mixed models for normal-weight (body mass index [BMI] <85th percentile for age and sex) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex) participants.

Results: The overweight/obese group significantly decreased their mean (1) BMI z score (2.0 to 1.8, p < .01) and (2) subscapular skinfold measurements (19.4 to 17.5 mm, p < .01) and increased (1) mean laps on the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test (10.8 to 12.5, p = .04) and (2) percentage with normal systolic blood pressure (58.1% to 71.0%, p = .03) from pretest to posttest. On average, participants significantly improved their health and wellness knowledge over the school year (p < .01). Normal-weight participants maintained healthy BMI ranges and significantly increased fitness levels.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Fit-2-Play after-school programs can be a significant resource for combating childhood obesity and instilling positive physical health in children, particularly among ethnic and socioeconomically diverse communities.

Keywords: Adolescents; Children; Fitness; Health focus: obesity prevention; Obesity; Outcome measure: fitness, anthropometric, health and wellness knowledge; Overweight; Physical Activity; Prevention; Prevention Research. Manuscript format: research; Research purpose: intervention testing, program evaluation, obesity prevention; Setting: community-based parks; Strategy: fitness, health and wellness education; Study design: nonexperimental; Target population age: youth; Target population circumstances: local community, ethnic minority, low income; Youth.