Priming Lexical Neighbors of Spoken Words: Effects of Competition and Inhibition

Abstract

Two experiments employing an auditory priming paradigm were conducted to test predictions of the Neighborhood Activation Model of spoken word recognition (Luce & Pisoni, 1989, Neighborhoods of words in the mental lexicon. Manuscript under review). Acoustic-phonetic similarity, neighborhood densities, and frequencies of prime and target words were manipulated. In Experiment 1, priming with low frequency, phonetically related spoken words inhibited target recognition, as predicted by the Neighborhood Activation Model. In Experiment 2, the same prime-target pairs were presented with a longer inter-stimulus interval and the effects of priming were eliminated. In both experiments, predictions derived from the Neighborhood Activation Model regarding the effects of neighborhood density and word frequency were supported. The results are discussed in terms of competing activation of lexical neighbors and the dissociation of activation and frequency in spoken word recognition.

Fig. 1

Flow diagram of the Neighborhood Activation Model (from Luce, 1986).

Fig. 2

Diagram of a single word decision unit (from Luce, 1986).

Fig. 3

Percent correct identification for high and low frequency target words as a function of neighborhood density and prime frequency for related and unrelated primes. Light bars show performance for unrelated primes, dark bars show performance for related primes.

Fig. 4

Percent correct identification for high and low frequency target words as a function of neighborhood density and prime frequency, averaged over prime type. Light bars show performance for targets from sparse neighborhoods, whereas dark bars show performance for targets from dense neighborhoods. The left panel shows the results for high frequency targets; the right panel shows the results for low frequency targets.

Fig. 5

Percent correct identification for high and low frequency target words as a function of neighborhood density and prime frequency for related and unrelated primes. Light bars show performance for unrelated primes, dark bars show performance for related primes.

Fig. 6

Percent correct identification for high and low frequency target words as a function of neighborhood density and prime frequency for related and unrelated primes. Light bars show performance for unrelated primes; dark bars show performance for related primes.

Fig. 7

Percent correct identification for high and low frequency target words as a function of neighborhood density and prime frequency, averaged over prime type. Light bars show performance for targets from sparse neighborhoods, whereas dark bars show performance for targets from dense neighborhoods. The left panel shows the results for high frequency targets; the right panel shows the results for low frequency targets.