The first mitochondrial genome for the superfamily Hagloidea and implications for its systematic status in Ensifera

Abstract

Hagloidea Handlirsch, 1906 was an ancient group of Ensifera, that was much more diverse in the past extending at least into the Triassic, apparently diminishing in diversity through the Cretaceous, and now only represented by a few extant species. In this paper, we report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Tarragoilus diuturnus Gorochov, 2001, representing the first mitogenome of the superfamily Hagloidea. The size of the entire mitogenome of T. diuturnus is 16144 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and one control region. The order and orientation of the gene arrangement pattern is identical to that of D. yakuba and most ensiferans species. A phylogenomic analysis was carried out based on the concatenated dataset of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes from mitogenome sequences of 15 ensiferan species, comprising four superfamilies Grylloidea, Tettigonioidae, Rhaphidophoroidea and Hagloidea. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses strongly support Hagloidea T. diuturnus and Rhaphidophoroidea Troglophilus neglectus as forming a monophyletic group, sister to the Tettigonioidea. The relationships among four superfamilies of Ensifera were (Grylloidea, (Tettigonioidea, (Hagloidea, Rhaphidophoroidea))).

Figure 1. Mitochondrial genome of Tarragoilus diuturnus.

Figure 2. Putative secondary structures for 22Tarragoilus diuturnus mitochondrial genome.

The tRNAs are labeled with abbreviations of their corresponding amino acids. Dashes (−) indicate Watson-Crick base-pairing, centered asterisks (*) indicate G-U base-pairing, and periods (•) indicate mismatches.

Figure 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Ensifera using mitochondrial PCGs and rRNAs concatenated dataset.

(A) Bayesian result, applicable posterior probability values are shown; (B) Maximum likelihood result with applicable bootstrap values (>50%) are shown.