Impact of sleep disorders, quality of life and gastric emptying in distinct subtypes of functional dyspepsia in Japan

Abstract

Background/aims: The association between clinical symptoms, gastric emptying, quality of life and sleep disorders in distinct functional dyspepsia (FD) patients has not been studied yet in detail.

Methods: We enrolled 79 FD patients (postprandial distress syndrome [PDS], n = 65; epigastric pain syndrome [EPS], n = 47; EPS-PDS overlap, n = 33) and 44 healthy volunteers. Gastric motility was evaluated. We used Rome III criteria to evaluate clinical symptoms and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores to determine anxiety status. Sleep disorder was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores.

Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex and Helicobacter pylori positivity between FD subtypes and healthy volunteers. The scores of Glasgow dyspepsia severity scores (GDSS), SF-8 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in distinct subtypes of FD patients were significantly different from those in healthy volunteers. However, there were not significant differences in these scores, Tmax and T1/2 among 3 subtypes of FD patients. PSQI score was significantly (P = 0.027, P = 0.002 and P = 0.039, respectively) associated with GDSS among EPS, PDS and EPS-PDS overlap patients. In addition, 8-item short form health survey (SF-8; Physical Component Score and Mental Component Score) was significantly associated with global PSQI score in PDS and EPS-PDS overlap patients. In contrast, SF-8 (Mental Component Score) only was significantly linked to global PSQI score in EPS patients.

Conclusions: Prevalences for sleep disorders, gastric motility and quality of life in 3 subtypes of FD patients were similar levels. In PDS and EPS-PDS overlap patients, SF-8 was significantly associated with global PSQI score.

Keywords: Dyspepsia; Functional gastrointestinal disorders; Sleep disorders.

Figure 1

Relationship between total Glasgow dyspepsia severity score (GDSS) and global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score among subtypes of functional dyspepsia patients. (A) There was a significant (P = 0.002, r = 0.416) relationship between total GDSS and global PSQI score in postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) patients. (B) In epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) patients, there was a significant (P = 0.027, r = 0.354) relationship between total GDSS and global PSQI score. (C) In EPS-PDS overlap patients, there was a significant (P = 0.039, r = 0.408) relationship between total GDSS and global PSQI score. (D) In healthy volunteers, there was no significant (P = 0.348, r = 0.148) relationship between total GDSS and global PSQI score.

Figure 2

Relationship between 8-item short form health survey (SF-8) and global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score among subtypes of functional dyspepsia patients. (A) There was a significant (P < 0.001, r = -0.524) relationship between SF-8 (physical component summary [PCS]) and global PSQI score in postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) patients. (B) In PDS patients, there was a significant (P < 0.001, r = -0.762) relationship between SF-8 (mental component summary [MCS]) and global PSQI score. (C) There was no significant (P = 0.206, r = -0.207) relationship between SF-8 (PCS) and global PSQI score in epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) patients. (D) There was a significant (P < 0.001, r = -0.629) relationship between SF-8 (MCS) and global PSQI score in EPS patients. (E) There was a significant (P = 0.013, r = -0.482) relationship between SF-8 (PCS) and global PSQI score in EPS-PDS overlap patients. (F) In EPS-PDS overlap patients, there was a significant (P < 0.001, r = -0.720) relationship between SF-8 (MCS) and global PSQI score. (G) There was no significant (P = 0.091, r = -0.265) relationship between SF-8 (PCS) and global PSQI score in healthy volunteers. (H) There was no significant (P = 0.117, r = -0.245) relationship between SF-8 (MCS) and global PSQI score in healthy volunteers.