Low-grade albuminuria is associated with peripheral artery disease in Chinese diabetic patients

Abstract

Background: Increasing studies have suggested that albuminuria might be an important risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, studies focusing on the association between low-grade albuminuria and PAD are limited. It would be of great interest to elucidate the association between low-grade albuminuria and PAD in diabetic subjects.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1386 diabetic subjects (age ≥ 40 years) with normal urinary albumin levels from Shanghai, China. A first voided early morning spot urine sample was obtained for urinary albumin and creatinine measurements. Subjects were divided into three groups according to sex-specific cutoff points of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) tertiles. Subjects in the upper tertile of UACR were classified as having low-grade albuminuria. PAD was defined by ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9 or >1.4.

Results: Overall, 106 (7.7%) of the study population had PAD. The prevalence of PAD in tertile 3 of UACR was higher than the prevalence in tertile 2 and tertile 1 (10.2%, 6.4% and 6.4%, respectively; P < 0.05). A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with subjects in tertile 1 of normal UACR, those in tertile 3 had 1.7-fold increased risk for the presence of PAD.

Conclusions: In diabetic patients, high normal UACR level, which is below the current cutoff point of microalbuminuria, was associated with the increased prevalence of PAD. It suggested that low-grade albuminuria might be an early marker for the detection of PAD in diabetic patients.

Keywords: Diabetic patients; Low-grade albuminuria; Peripheral artery disease.