Directed flow of charged particles at midrapidity relative to the spectator plane in Pb-Pb collisions at √(s(NN))=2.76 TeV
Affiliations
- 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.
- 2 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 3 Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic.
- 4 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
- 5 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
- 6 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
- 7 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
- 8 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- 9 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy.
- 10 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India.
- 11 Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
- 12 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 13 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea.
- 14 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 15 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
- 16 Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia.
- 17 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 18 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- 19 Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy and Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy.
- 20 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine.
- 21 Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway.
- 22 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 23 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin" and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 24 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 25 V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- 26 National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania.
- 27 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 28 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 29 Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- 30 Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- 31 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 32 Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 33 Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy.
- 34 SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France.
- 35 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 36 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS-IN2P3, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
- 37 Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- 38 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
- 39 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- 40 Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India and Physics Department, University of Cape Town and iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa.
- 41 Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 42 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France and Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
- 43 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
- 44 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France.
- 45 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
- 46 Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
- 47 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 48 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 49 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
- 50 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia.
- 51 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 52 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 53 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India.
- 54 Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
- 55 University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
- 56 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 57 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 58 Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia.
- 59 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 60 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 61 Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
- 62 University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- 63 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy.
- 64 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- 65 Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 66 Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 67 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
- 68 Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
- 69 Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
- 70 Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- 71 Physics Department, University of Cape Town and iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa.
- 72 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 73 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 74 Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
- 75 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- 76 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia.
- 77 Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 78 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- 79 Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
- 80 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 81 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico.
- 82 Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- 83 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy.
- 84 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba.
- 85 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland and Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 86 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
- 87 Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
- 88 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
- 89 Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
- 90 Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
- 91 Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea.
- 92 Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy.
- 93 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy and Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy.
- 94 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France.
- 95 Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell'Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy.
- 96 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
- 97 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 98 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
- 99 Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania.
- 100 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France.
- 101 Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India.
- 102 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
- 103 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello" dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy.
- 104 Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 105 National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland.
- 106 Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello" dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy.
- 107 Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy.
- 108 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA and Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
- 109 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 110 Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- 111 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France.
- 112 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 113 Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- 114 Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- 115 Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 116 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 117 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania.
- 118 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico and Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.
- 119 Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
- 120 Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia.
- 121 A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia.
- 122 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- 123 Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 124 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia.
- 125 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- 126 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
- 127 Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 128 KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey.
- 129 Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany.
- 130 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- 131 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea and Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
- 132 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA.
- 133 The University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, Texas, USA.
- 134 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom and Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
- 135 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic and Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic and Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- 136 Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway.
- 137 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom.
- 138 Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.
- 139 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France and Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- 140 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway.
- 141 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 142 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 143 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia and M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V.Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia.
- 144 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 145 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 146 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 147 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and The University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, Texas, USA.
- 148 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
- 149 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India (IITI).
- 150 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università La Sapienza" and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy.
- 151 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia.
- 152 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 153 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 154 Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India and Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India (IITI).
- 155 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India and National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.
- 156 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary and Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
- 157 Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt.
- 158 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin" and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy and Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 159 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 160 Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden and Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 161 Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- 162 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia and Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 163 National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
- 164 Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy.
- 165 Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 166 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 167 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany and Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom.
- 168 Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
- 169 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 170 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy.
- 171 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico and Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- 172 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia and Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 173 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 174 Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 175 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic and Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic.
- 176 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia.
- 177 Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France.
- 178 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- 179 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France and Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 180 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA and Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- PMID: 24476260
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.232302
Directed flow of charged particles at midrapidity relative to the spectator plane in Pb-Pb collisions at √(s(NN))=2.76 TeV
Authors
Affiliations
- 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.
- 2 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 3 Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic.
- 4 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
- 5 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
- 6 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
- 7 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
- 8 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- 9 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy.
- 10 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India.
- 11 Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
- 12 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 13 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea.
- 14 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 15 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
- 16 Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia.
- 17 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 18 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- 19 Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy and Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy.
- 20 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine.
- 21 Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway.
- 22 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 23 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin" and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 24 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 25 V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- 26 National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania.
- 27 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 28 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 29 Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- 30 Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- 31 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 32 Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 33 Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy.
- 34 SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France.
- 35 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 36 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS-IN2P3, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
- 37 Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- 38 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
- 39 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- 40 Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India and Physics Department, University of Cape Town and iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa.
- 41 Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 42 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France and Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
- 43 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
- 44 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France.
- 45 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
- 46 Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
- 47 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 48 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 49 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
- 50 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia.
- 51 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 52 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 53 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India.
- 54 Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
- 55 University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
- 56 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 57 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 58 Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia.
- 59 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 60 Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 61 Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
- 62 University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- 63 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy.
- 64 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- 65 Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 66 Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 67 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
- 68 Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
- 69 Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
- 70 Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- 71 Physics Department, University of Cape Town and iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa.
- 72 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 73 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 74 Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
- 75 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- 76 Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia.
- 77 Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 78 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- 79 Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
- 80 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 81 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico.
- 82 Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- 83 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy.
- 84 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba.
- 85 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland and Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 86 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
- 87 Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
- 88 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
- 89 Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
- 90 Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
- 91 Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea.
- 92 Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy.
- 93 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy and Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy.
- 94 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France.
- 95 Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell'Università del Piemonte Orientale and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy.
- 96 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
- 97 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 98 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
- 99 Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania.
- 100 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France.
- 101 Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India.
- 102 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
- 103 Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello" dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy.
- 104 Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 105 National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland.
- 106 Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello" dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy.
- 107 Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy.
- 108 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA and Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
- 109 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 110 Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- 111 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France.
- 112 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 113 Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- 114 Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- 115 Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 116 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 117 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania.
- 118 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico and Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.
- 119 Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
- 120 Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia.
- 121 A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia.
- 122 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- 123 Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 124 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia.
- 125 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- 126 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
- 127 Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- 128 KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey.
- 129 Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany.
- 130 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- 131 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea and Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
- 132 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA.
- 133 The University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, Texas, USA.
- 134 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom and Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
- 135 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic and Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic and Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- 136 Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway.
- 137 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom.
- 138 Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.
- 139 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France and Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- 140 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway.
- 141 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 142 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 143 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia and M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V.Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia.
- 144 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy and Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 145 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 146 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 147 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and The University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, Texas, USA.
- 148 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
- 149 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India (IITI).
- 150 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università La Sapienza" and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy.
- 151 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia.
- 152 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 153 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 154 Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India and Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India (IITI).
- 155 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India and National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.
- 156 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary and Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
- 157 Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt.
- 158 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin" and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy and Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 159 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 160 Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden and Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 161 Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- 162 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia and Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 163 National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
- 164 Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy.
- 165 Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 166 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 167 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany and Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom.
- 168 Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
- 169 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 170 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland and Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi," Rome, Italy.
- 171 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico and Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- 172 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia and Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 173 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 174 Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 175 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic and Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic.
- 176 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia.
- 177 Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France.
- 178 Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- 179 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France and Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics and Institute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 180 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA and Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- PMID: 24476260
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.232302
Abstract
The directed flow of charged particles at midrapidity is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at √(s(NN))=2.76 TeV relative to the collision symmetry plane defined by the spectator nucleons. A negative slope of the rapidity-odd directed flow component with approximately 3 times smaller magnitude than found at the highest RHIC energy is observed. This suggests a smaller longitudinal tilt of the initial system and disfavors the strong fireball rotation predicted for the LHC energies. The rapidity-even directed flow component is measured for the first time with spectators and found to be independent of pseudorapidity with a sign change at transverse momenta p(T) between 1.2 and 1.7 GeV/c. Combined with the observation of a vanishing rapidity-even p(T) shift along the spectator deflection this is strong evidence for dipolelike initial density fluctuations in the overlap zone of the nuclei. Similar trends in the rapidity-even directed flow and the estimate from two-particle correlations at midrapidity, which is larger by about a factor of 40, indicate a weak correlation between fluctuating participant and spectator symmetry planes. These observations open new possibilities for investigation of the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions with spectator nucleons.
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