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. 2013 Nov 6;4(4):16-23.
doi: 10.5365/WPSAR.2013.4.3.002. eCollection 2013 Oct-Dec.

Surveillance for arboviral zoonoses in New Zealand birds

Daniel Tompkins  1 , Cheryl Johansen  2 , Richard Jakob-Hoff  3 , David Pulford  4 , Isabel Castro  5 , Graham Mackereth  6
Affiliations

Surveillance for arboviral zoonoses in New Zealand birds

Daniel Tompkins et al. Western Pac Surveill Response J. .

Abstract

Introduction: Given the significant burden that emerging infectious diseases place on global economies and public health, the monitoring and mitigation of, and early response to, potential infectious diseases are of the highest priority. The objective of this study was to survey for known and other potential arboviral zoonoses in multiple bird species at four locations in New Zealand.

Methods: Common bird species were targeted for blood sampling during two southern hemisphere summers. Sera from each period (n = 185 and n = 693) were screened in an epitope blocking enzyme immunoassay for flavivirus antibody detection. In the first season, testing for antibodies to specific alphaviruses was conducted on samples with sufficient sera (n = 22). In the second season, blood clots (n = 544) were screened for viral presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for alphaviral and flaviviral RNA, and virus isolation (n = 146) was conducted.

Results: Flavivirus antibodies were detected in 13 species, and one Australasian gannet (Morus serrator) from one site was positive for antibodies to Ross River virus. PCR tests and virus isolation were all negative.

Discussion: Evidence for flavivirus exposure in seabirds at Kaikoura Peninsula and Cape Kidnappers suggests that viruses isolated from seabirds and associated ticks in New Zealand in the late 1970s are still present. Evidence for flavivirus exposure in passerines at Kaikoura Peninsula, Cape Kidnappers and Mokoia Island is novel. The Ross River virus finding is also new and supports the hypothesis that migratory seabirds are an import pathway for such agents into New Zealand.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map of New Zealand indicating the four study locations
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Oceania regional map
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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