CRISPR/Cas9 and genome editing in Drosophila

Abstract

Recent advances in our ability to design DNA binding factors with specificity for desired sequences have resulted in a revolution in genetic engineering, enabling directed changes to the genome to be made relatively easily. Traditional techniques for generating genetic mutations in most organisms have relied on selection from large pools of randomly induced mutations for those of particular interest, or time-consuming gene targeting by homologous recombination. Drosophila melanogaster has always been at the forefront of genetic analysis, and application of these new genome editing techniques to this organism will revolutionise our approach to performing analysis of gene function in the future. We discuss the recent techniques that apply the CRISPR/Cas9 system to Drosophila, highlight potential uses for this technology and speculate upon the future of genome engineering in this model organism.

Keywords: CRISPR; CRISPR RNA; CRISPR- associated; Cas; Cas9; Drosophila melanogaster; Genome engineering; HRMA; PAM; Targeted mutagenesis; clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat; crRNA; gRNA; guide RNA; high resolution melt analysis; protospacer adjacent motif; sgRNA; single guide RNA; tracrRNA; trans-acting crRNA.