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. 2014 Jan 24;112(3):032302.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.032302. Epub 2014 Jan 23.

Energy dependence of moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions at RHIC

L Adamczyk  1 J K Adkins  2 G Agakishiev  3 M M Aggarwal  4 Z Ahammed  5 I Alekseev  6 J Alford  7 C D Anson  8 A Aparin  3 D Arkhipkin  9 E C Aschenauer  9 G S Averichev  3 J Balewski  10 A Banerjee  5 Z Barnovska  11 D R Beavis  9 R Bellwied  12 A Bhasin  13 A K Bhati  4 P Bhattarai  14 H Bichsel  15 J Bielcik  16 J Bielcikova  11 L C Bland  9 I G Bordyuzhin  6 W Borowski  17 J Bouchet  7 A V Brandin  18 S G Brovko  19 S Bültmann  20 I Bunzarov  3 T P Burton  9 J Butterworth  21 H Caines  22 M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez  19 D Cebra  19 R Cendejas  23 M C Cervantes  24 P Chaloupka  16 Z Chang  24 S Chattopadhyay  5 H F Chen  25 J H Chen  26 L Chen  27 J Cheng  28 M Cherney  29 A Chikanian  22 W Christie  9 J Chwastowski  30 M J M Codrington  14 R Corliss  10 J G Cramer  15 H J Crawford  31 X Cui  25 S Das  32 A Davila Leyva  14 L C De Silva  12 R R Debbe  9 T G Dedovich  3 J Deng  33 A A Derevschikov  34 R Derradi de Souza  35 S Dhamija  36 B di Ruzza  9 L Didenko  9 C Dilks  23 F Ding  19 P Djawotho  24 X Dong  37 J L Drachenberg  38 J E Draper  19 C M Du  39 L E Dunkelberger  40 J C Dunlop  9 L G Efimov  3 J Engelage  31 K S Engle  41 G Eppley  21 L Eun  37 O Evdokimov  42 R Fatemi  2 S Fazio  9 J Fedorisin  3 P Filip  3 E Finch  22 Y Fisyak  9 C E Flores  19 C A Gagliardi  24 D R Gangadharan  8 D Garand  43 F Geurts  21 A Gibson  38 M Girard  44 S Gliske  45 D Grosnick  38 Y Guo  25 A Gupta  13 S Gupta  13 W Guryn  9 B Haag  19 O Hajkova  16 A Hamed  24 L-X Han  26 R Haque  46 J W Harris  22 J P Hays-Wehle  10 S Heppelmann  23 A Hirsch  43 G W Hoffmann  14 D J Hofman  42 S Horvat  22 B Huang  9 H Z Huang  40 P Huck  27 T J Humanic  8 G Igo  40 W W Jacobs  36 H Jang  47 E G Judd  31 S Kabana  17 D Kalinkin  6 K Kang  28 K Kauder  42 H W Ke  27 D Keane  7 A Kechechyan  3 A Kesich  19 Z H Khan  42 D P Kikola  43 I Kisel  48 A Kisiel  44 D D Koetke  38 T Kollegger  48 J Konzer  43 I Koralt  20 W Korsch  2 L Kotchenda  18 P Kravtsov  18 K Krueger  45 I Kulakov  48 L Kumar  46 R A Kycia  30 M A C Lamont  9 J M Landgraf  9 K D Landry  40 J Lauret  9 A Lebedev  9 R Lednicky  3 J H Lee  9 W Leight  10 M J LeVine  9 C Li  25 W Li  26 X Li  43 X Li  49 Y Li  28 Z M Li  27 L M Lima  50 M A Lisa  8 F Liu  27 T Ljubicic  9 W J Llope  21 R S Longacre  9 X Luo  27 G L Ma  26 Y G Ma  26 D M M D Madagodagettige Don  29 D P Mahapatra  32 R Majka  22 S Margetis  7 C Markert  14 H Masui  37 H S Matis  37 D McDonald  21 T S McShane  29 N G Minaev  34 S Mioduszewski  24 B Mohanty  46 M M Mondal  24 D A Morozov  34 M G Munhoz  50 M K Mustafa  43 B K Nandi  51 Md Nasim  46 T K Nayak  5 J M Nelson  52 L V Nogach  34 S Y Noh  47 J Novak  53 S B Nurushev  34 G Odyniec  37 A Ogawa  9 K Oh  54 A Ohlson  22 V Okorokov  18 E W Oldag  14 R A N Oliveira  50 M Pachr  16 B S Page  36 S K Pal  5 Y X Pan  40 Y Pandit  42 Y Panebratsev  3 T Pawlak  44 B Pawlik  55 H Pei  27 C Perkins  31 W Peryt  44 A Peterson  8 P Pile  9 M Planinic  56 J Pluta  44 D Plyku  20 N Poljak  56 J Porter  37 A M Poskanzer  37 N K Pruthi  4 M Przybycien  1 P R Pujahari  51 J Putschke  57 H Qiu  37 A Quintero  7 S Ramachandran  2 R Raniwala  58 S Raniwala  58 R L Ray  14 C K Riley  22 H G Ritter  37 J B Roberts  21 O V Rogachevskiy  3 J L Romero  19 J F Ross  29 A Roy  5 L Ruan  9 J Rusnak  11 N R Sahoo  5 P K Sahu  32 I Sakrejda  37 S Salur  37 A Sandacz  44 J Sandweiss  22 E Sangaline  19 A Sarkar  51 J Schambach  14 R P Scharenberg  43 A M Schmah  37 W B Schmidke  9 N Schmitz  59 J Seger  29 P Seyboth  59 N Shah  40 E Shahaliev  3 P V Shanmuganathan  7 M Shao  25 B Sharma  4 W Q Shen  26 S S Shi  37 Q Y Shou  26 E P Sichtermann  37 R N Singaraju  5 M J Skoby  36 D Smirnov  9 N Smirnov  22 D Solanki  58 P Sorensen  9 U G deSouza  50 H M Spinka  45 B Srivastava  43 T D S Stanislaus  38 J R Stevens  10 R Stock  48 M Strikhanov  18 B Stringfellow  43 A A P Suaide  50 M Sumbera  11 X Sun  37 X M Sun  37 Y Sun  25 Z Sun  39 B Surrow  49 D N Svirida  6 T J M Symons  37 A Szanto de Toledo  50 J Takahashi  35 A H Tang  9 Z Tang  25 T Tarnowsky  53 J H Thomas  37 A R Timmins  12 D Tlusty  11 M Tokarev  3 S Trentalange  40 R E Tribble  24 P Tribedy  5 B A Trzeciak  44 O D Tsai  40 J Turnau  55 T Ullrich  9 D G Underwood  45 G Van Buren  9 G van Nieuwenhuizen  10 J A Vanfossen Jr  7 R Varma  51 G M S Vasconcelos  35 A N Vasiliev  34 R Vertesi  11 F Videbæk  9 Y P Viyogi  5 S Vokal  3 S A Voloshin  57 A Vossen  36 M Wada  14 M Walker  10 F Wang  43 G Wang  40 H Wang  9 J S Wang  39 X L Wang  25 Y Wang  28 Y Wang  42 G Webb  2 J C Webb  9 G D Westfall  53 H Wieman  37 S W Wissink  36 R Witt  41 Y F Wu  27 Z Xiao  28 W Xie  43 K Xin  21 H Xu  39 N Xu  37 Q H Xu  33 Y Xu  25 Z Xu  9 W Yan  28 C Yang  25 Y Yang  39 Y Yang  27 Z Ye  42 P Yepes  21 L Yi  43 K Yip  9 I-K Yoo  54 Y Zawisza  25 H Zbroszczyk  44 W Zha  25 J B Zhang  27 S Zhang  26 X P Zhang  28 Y Zhang  25 Z P Zhang  25 F Zhao  40 J Zhao  26 C Zhong  26 X Zhu  28 Y H Zhu  26 Y Zoulkarneeva  3 M Zyzak  48 STAR Collaboration
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Free article

Energy dependence of moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions at RHIC

L Adamczyk et al. Phys Rev Lett. .
Free article

Abstract

We report the beam energy (sqrt[sNN]=7.7-200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (σ), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions. The measurements are carried out by the STAR experiment at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) and within the transverse momentum range 0.4<pT<0.8 GeV/c in the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements are important for understanding the quantum chromodynamic phase diagram. The products of the moments, Sσ and κσ2, are sensitive to the correlation length of the hot and dense medium created in the collisions and are related to the ratios of baryon number susceptibilities of corresponding orders. The products of moments are found to have values significantly below the Skellam expectation and close to expectations based on independent proton and antiproton production. The measurements are compared to a transport model calculation to understand the effect of acceptance and baryon number conservation and also to a hadron resonance gas model.

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