Energy dependence of moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions at RHIC
Affiliations
- 1 AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland.
- 2 University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
- 3 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
- 4 Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
- 5 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
- 6 Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
- 7 Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
- 8 Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
- 9 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
- 10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
- 11 Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
- 12 University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
- 13 University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
- 14 University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
- 15 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
- 16 Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
- 17 SUBATECH, Nantes, France.
- 18 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
- 19 University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
- 20 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
- 21 Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
- 22 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
- 23 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
- 24 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
- 25 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- 26 Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
- 27 Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
- 28 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- 29 Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
- 30 Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland.
- 31 University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
- 32 Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
- 33 Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
- 34 Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
- 35 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- 36 Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
- 37 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
- 38 Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
- 39 Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China.
- 40 University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- 41 United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.
- 42 University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
- 43 Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
- 44 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
- 45 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
- 46 National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
- 47 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Korea.
- 48 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 49 Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
- 50 Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- 51 Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India.
- 52 University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- 53 Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
- 54 Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
- 55 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland.
- 56 University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10002, Croatia.
- 57 Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
- 58 University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
- 59 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany.
- PMID: 24484135
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.032302
Energy dependence of moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions at RHIC
Authors
Affiliations
- 1 AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland.
- 2 University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
- 3 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
- 4 Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
- 5 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
- 6 Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
- 7 Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
- 8 Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
- 9 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
- 10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
- 11 Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
- 12 University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
- 13 University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
- 14 University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
- 15 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
- 16 Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
- 17 SUBATECH, Nantes, France.
- 18 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
- 19 University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
- 20 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
- 21 Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
- 22 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
- 23 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
- 24 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
- 25 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- 26 Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
- 27 Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
- 28 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- 29 Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
- 30 Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland.
- 31 University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
- 32 Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
- 33 Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
- 34 Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
- 35 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- 36 Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
- 37 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
- 38 Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
- 39 Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China.
- 40 University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
- 41 United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.
- 42 University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
- 43 Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
- 44 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
- 45 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
- 46 National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
- 47 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Korea.
- 48 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 49 Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
- 50 Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- 51 Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India.
- 52 University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- 53 Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
- 54 Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
- 55 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland.
- 56 University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10002, Croatia.
- 57 Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
- 58 University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
- 59 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany.
- PMID: 24484135
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.032302
Abstract
We report the beam energy (sqrt[sNN]=7.7-200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (σ), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions. The measurements are carried out by the STAR experiment at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) and within the transverse momentum range 0.4<pT<0.8 GeV/c in the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements are important for understanding the quantum chromodynamic phase diagram. The products of the moments, Sσ and κσ2, are sensitive to the correlation length of the hot and dense medium created in the collisions and are related to the ratios of baryon number susceptibilities of corresponding orders. The products of moments are found to have values significantly below the Skellam expectation and close to expectations based on independent proton and antiproton production. The measurements are compared to a transport model calculation to understand the effect of acceptance and baryon number conservation and also to a hadron resonance gas model.
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