Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2009 Summer;1(1):6-10.

Relationship of opium dependency and stroke

Akbar Hamzei Moqaddam  1 , Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ahmadi Musavi  2 , Khatereh Khademizadeh  3
Affiliations

Relationship of opium dependency and stroke

Akbar Hamzei Moqaddam et al. Addict Health. 2009 Summer.

Abstract

Background: Stroke is the third cause of mortality and not only leads to dependency, which is a great social, individual and cultural problem, but also can affect the physiology, immune system and coagulation system such as plasma fibrinogen, and it may potentially increase the risk of stroke. This study investigated the relationship of opium dependency and stroke.

Methods: This case- control study was carried out in 2003-2004 in Shefa Hospital in Kerman, Iran. The case group included 105 stroke patients and control group included the same number of patients from urology ward. There were 55 females and 50 males in each group. Patients' data were collected through their medical history, physical examinations, and diagnosis procedures recorded in specific questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi square test.

Findings: 31 patients (29.5%) in the case and 11 (10.5%) in the control group were opium dependent and the difference was significant (P = 0.001). The relationship of cigarette smoking and stroke was also significant (P = 0.0001). To find the independent effect of each of these two factors, a logistic regression analysis was done, which showed that the independent relationship of each of these two was significant (Odds ratio = 2.207, P = 0.012 and Odds ratio = 2.36, P = 0.040 for cigarette and opium dependency respectively).

Conclusion: Opium dependency can be regarded as an independent risk factor for stroke. As this corresponds to previous findings as to opium dependency can increase plasma fibrinogen and development of atherosclerosis, it is important for prophylactic manages.

Keywords: Drug dependency; Opium; Stroke.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Masumi M, Nasti HR, Farajpour F. A comparison study of plasma fibrinogen level in opium addicts and non-addicts. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2001;9(1):27–31.
    1. Bailey PL, Egan TD, Stanley TH. Intravenous opioid anesthetics. In: Ronald D, Miller MD, editors. Miller's Anesthesia. 5th ed. Philiadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 1999. pp. 273–376.
    1. Baird TA, Parsons MW, Barber PA, Butcher KS, Desmond PM, Tress BM, et al. The influence of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycaemia on stroke incidence and outcome. J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9(6):618–26. - PubMed
    1. Batchelor T, Cudkowicz ME. Principles of Neuroepidemiology. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemannc; 2001. pp. 18–27.
    1. Biller J, Love B.B. Vascular diseases of the nervous system. A. Ischemic crebravascular disease. In: Bradley WG, Duroff RB, Fentichel GM, Jankovic J, editors. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 4th ed. London: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2004. pp. 1197–267.

LinkOut - more resources