Development of the Clinician Assessment of Financial Incapability (CAFI)

Abstract

The Social Security Administration (SSA) provides financial support to adults disabled by psychiatric conditions to provide for their basic needs. For beneficiaries identified as incapable of managing their funds, representative payee assignment is mandated. However, studies indicate that the current SSA method of determining capability leads to idiosyncratic payee assignment, with a tendency to under-identify beneficiaries needing payees. Over two phases with data from 78 mental health clinicians treating 134 patient-beneficiaries, we describe the development of a new assessment, the Clinician Assessment of Financial Incapability (CAFI). Item generation, subscale construction, and preliminary assessments of validity are described. We also describe the simultaneous development of a criterion measure of capability, a comprehensive review of all data. Experts identified four subscales mapping to four criteria of incapability; factor analysis provided support for this item structure. Close to one-half of patients were determined to be incapable by review of all data. CAFI and SSA methods correctly classified 73% of cases, but errors with CAFI were more evenly distributed between false negatives and false positives. The implications of classification error are considered, and advantages of CAFI over the SSA method are enumerated. Plans for future instrument revision are briefly described.

Keywords: Assessment; Financial capability; Income; Psychiatric; Representative payee; Social Security.

Figure 1

Flowchart illustrating development of the Clinician Assessment of Financial Incapability