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Review
. 2014 Jan 30;10(1):e1003859.
doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003859. eCollection 2014 Jan.

Human and plant fungal pathogens: the role of secondary metabolites

Daniel H Scharf  1 , Thorsten Heinekamp  1 , Axel A Brakhage  1
Affiliations
Review

Human and plant fungal pathogens: the role of secondary metabolites

Daniel H Scharf et al. PLoS Pathog. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. SM with influence on virulence of fungi in the respective host system.
Animal cell: Gliotoxin acts on the mitochondrial protein Bak, which leads to apoptosis and inhibits the activation of NFκB through blocking proteasomal activity; DHN-melanin from A. fumigatus inhibits vH+-ATPase activity and therefore acidification of the phagolysosome, which counteracts killing of the conidia. Fungi: Siderophores are released by the fungus to ensure iron availability; DHN-melanin from plant pathogens is crucial for appressorium formation and counteracting reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the plant through hypersensitive response (HR) to prevent the spread of fungal infection; DOPA-melanin produced by C. neoformans from external precursors is an important part of the fungal capsule. Plant cell: Cytochalasins block cytokinesis; T-Toxin inhibits mitochondrial energy production; Fumonisin, AAL-Toxin, and Cyperin affect the membrane integrity; Auxin and Gibberellins act as phytohormones and alter transcription activity; HC-Toxin inhibits histone deacetylase; after light-driven activation both Cercosporin and Elsinochromes produce ROS, which damage the cell; Sirodesmin induces ROS and the formation of protein-conjugates; Tentoxin inhibits chloroplastidial energy production; Fusicoccin mediates irreversible stomata opening; Beticolin forms pores in the membrane and leads to leakage of the cell.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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