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. 2014 Feb 5;10(2):20131069.
doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.1069. Print 2014 Feb.

An experimental study of strong reciprocity in bacteria

R Fredrik Inglis  1 , Stuart West, Angus Buckling
Affiliations

An experimental study of strong reciprocity in bacteria

R Fredrik Inglis et al. Biol Lett. .

Abstract

Strong reciprocity, whereby cooperators punish non-cooperators, may help to explain the evolutionary success of cooperative behaviours. However, theory suggests that selection for strong reciprocity can depend upon tight genetic linkage between cooperation and punishment, to avoid the strategy being outcompeted by non-punishing cooperators. We tested this hypothesis using experimental populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which cooperate by producing iron-scavenging siderophores and, in this context, punish non-cooperators with toxins. Consistent with theory, we show that cooperative punishers can indeed invade cheats, but only when the traits are tightly linked. These results emphasize that punishment is only likely to be favoured when the punishment itself leads to a direct or indirect fitness benefit to the actor.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; bacteriocin; siderophore.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Invasion of cooperating punishers in a population of public goods cheats when initially rare. Only when cooperation and punishment are in linkage is the strain (PAO1) able to invade. A solely cooperating genotype (PAO1150-2) is unable to invade, and when the linkage is broken (through a process such as recombination) the strain is no longer able to invade (PAO1 and PAO1150-2).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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