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. 2014 Feb 10;19(2):1887-911.
doi: 10.3390/molecules19021887.

Optimization of high-pressure ultrasonic-assisted simultaneous extraction of six major constituents from Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome using response surface methodology

Jin-Liang Liu  1 , Shun-Lin Zheng  2 , Qiao-Jia Fan  3 , Ji-Chao Yuan  4 , Shi-Min Yang  5 , Fan-Lei Kong  6
Affiliations

Optimization of high-pressure ultrasonic-assisted simultaneous extraction of six major constituents from Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome using response surface methodology

Jin-Liang Liu et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

High-pressure ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was applied to extract ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A, ligustilide and levistolide A from Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizomes. Seven independent variables, including solvent type, pressure, particle size, liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature, ultrasound power, and extraction time were examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the experimental conditions (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, and extraction time) on the basis of the results of single factor tests for the extraction of these six major components in L. chuanxiong rhizomes. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and were also examined using appropriate statistical methods. The best extraction conditions were as follows: extraction solvent: 40% ethanol; pressure: 10 MPa; particle size: 80 mesh; liquid-to-solid ratio: 100:1; extraction temperature: 70 °C; ultrasonic power, 180 W; and extraction time, 74 min.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of solvent type on the extraction yields of the six constituents (the lines and bar graphs as referenced to the left and right axes, respectively).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of pressure on extraction yields of the six constituents (the lines and bar graphs are referenced to the left and right axes, respectively).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of particle size on the extraction yields of the six constituents (the lines and bar graphs are referenced to the left and right axes, respectively).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of liquid-to-solid ratio on the extraction yields of the six constituents (the lines and bar graphs are referenced to the left and right axes, respectively).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of temperature on the extraction yields of the six constituents (the lines and bar graphs are referenced to the left and right axes, respectively).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of ultrasonic power on the extraction yields of the six constituents (the lines and bar graphs are referenced to the left and right axes, respectively).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of time on the extraction yields of the six constituents (the lines and bar graphs are referenced to the left and right axes, respectively).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Response surface plots for the effects of (a) temperature/power (b) temperature/time (c) power/time on the extraction yield of ferulic acid.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Response surface plots for the effects of (a) temperature/power (b) temperature/time (c) power/time on the extraction yield of senkyunolide I.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Response surface plots for the effects of (a) temperature/power (b) temperature/time (c) power/time on the extraction yield of senkyunolide H.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Response surface plots for the effects of (a) temperature/power (b) temperature/time (c) power/time on the extraction yield of senkyunolide A.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Response surface plots for the effects of (a) temperature/power (b) temperature/time (c) power/time on the extraction yield of ligustilide.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Response surface plots for the effects of (a) temperature/power (b) temperature/time (c) power/time on the extraction yield of levistolide A.
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