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. 2014;12(1):64-79.
doi: 10.1007/s11469-013-9470-1.

A Whole Community Approach toward Child and Youth Resilience Promotion: A Review of Resilience Literature

Nazilla Khanlou  1 , Ron Wray  2
Affiliations

A Whole Community Approach toward Child and Youth Resilience Promotion: A Review of Resilience Literature

Nazilla Khanlou et al. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2014.

Abstract

A literature review of child and youth resilience with a focus on: definitions and factors of resilience; relationships between resilience, mental health and social outcomes; evidence for resilience promoting interventions; and implications for reducing health inequities. To conduct the review, the first two following steps were conducted iteratively and informed the third step: 1) Review of published peer-review literature since 2000; and 2) Review of grey literature; and 3) Quasi-realist synthesis of evidence. Evidence from three perspectives were examined: i) whether interventions can improve 'resilience' for vulnerable children and youth; ii) whether there is a differential effect among different populations; and, iii) whether there is evidence that resilience interventions 'close the gap' on health and social outcome measures. Definitions of resilience vary as do perspectives on it. We argue for a hybrid approach that recognizes the value of combining multiple theoretical perspectives, epistemologies (positivistic and constructivist/interpretive/critical) in studying resilience. Resilience is: a) a process (rather than a single event), b) a continuum (rather than a binary outcome), and c) likely a global concept with specific dimensions. Individual, family and social environmental factors influence resilience. A social determinants perspective on resilience and mental health is emphasized. Programs and interventions to promoting resilience should be complimentary to public health measures addressing the social determinants of health. A whole community approach to resilience is suggested as a step toward closing the public health policy gap. Local initiatives that stimulate a local transformation process are needed. Recognition of each child's or youth's intersections of gender, lifestage, family resources within the context of their identity markers fits with a localized approach to resilience promotion and, at the same time, requires recognition of the broader determinants of population health.

Keywords: Child; Health Equity; Literature Review; Mental Health Promotion; Resilience; Social Determinants of Health; Youth.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A ‘Whole community’ Approach of promoting resilience. Source: Khanlou and Wray (2010)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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