Evaluation of quality and efficacy of an ethnomedicinal plant Ageratum conyzoides L. in the management of pediculosis

Abstract

Background: Infestation with the head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, is one of the most common parasitic infestations of human worldwide. Traditionally, the main treatment for control of head lice is chemical control that includes wide variety of neurotoxic synthetic insecticides. The main difficulty posed in controlling the head louse infestation is increasing lice resistance to synthetic pediculicidal drugs. Plant-based drugs; especially essential oil components and standardized extracts have been suggested as an alternative source of materials for insect control. Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) has been reported to possess antifungal and insecticidal properties. In the present research work, an attempt has been made to evaluate in vitro pediculicidal activity of A. conyzoides.

Methods: A filter paper diffusion bioassay was carried out in order to determine the pediculicidal activity of different extracts of A. conyzoides.

Results: The study elucidates the active plant part and suitable extract responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of this plant in the management of pediculosis.

Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicate the potential of A. conyzoides extract to be included in the formulations as a pediculicidal agent.

Keywords: Ageratum conyzoides L.; Bioassay; Eugenol; Leaves; Pediculosis.

Fig. 1

Structure of eugenol.

Fig. 2

Habit of Ageratum conyzoides (inset-leaves).

Fig. 3

Phytochemical fingerprint of A. conyzoides leaves on TLC plates; plate photo at, A: 366 nm without derivatization, B: 366 nm after derivatization and C: 550 nm after derivatization.

Fig. 4

HPTLC analysis of HEACL with eugenol at 550 nm. Track details, 1: HEACL, 2: eugenol (100 μg/mL), plate was derivatized with 10% anisaldehyde sulphuric acid after development.