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. 2014 Feb 24:14:197.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-197.

High prevalence of exposure to the child welfare system among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting: implications for policy and practice

Brittany Barker, Thomas Kerr, Gerald Taiaiake Alfred, Michelle Fortin, Paul Nguyen, Evan Wood, Kora DeBeck  1
Affiliations

High prevalence of exposure to the child welfare system among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting: implications for policy and practice

Brittany Barker et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Street-involved youth are more likely to experience trauma and adverse events in childhood; however, little is known about exposure to the child welfare system among this vulnerable population. This study sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of being in government care among street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods: From September 2005 to November 2012, data were collected from the At-Risk Youth Study, a prospective cohort of street-involved youth aged 14-26 who use illicit drugs. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with a history of being in government care.

Results: Among our sample of 937 street-involved youth, 455 (49%) reported being in government care at some point in their childhood. In a multivariate analysis, Aboriginal ancestry (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-2.85), younger age at first "hard" substance use (AOR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.16), high school incompletion (AOR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.00-1.95), having a parent that drank heavily or used illicit drugs (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.09-2.01), and experiencing physical abuse (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.22-2.96) were independently associated with exposure to the child welfare system.

Conclusions: Youth with a history of being in government care appear to be at high-risk of adverse illicit substance-related behaviours. Evidence-based interventions are required to better support vulnerable children and youth with histories of being in the child welfare system, and prevent problematic substance use and street-involvement among this population.

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