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. 2014 Feb 21;14(2):3721-36.
doi: 10.3390/s140203721.

Wavelet-based watermarking and compression for ECG signals with verification evaluation

Kuo-Kun Tseng  1 , Xialong He  2 , Woon-Man Kung  3 , Shuo-Tsung Chen  4 , Minghong Liao  5 , Huang-Nan Huang  6
Affiliations

Wavelet-based watermarking and compression for ECG signals with verification evaluation

Kuo-Kun Tseng et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In the current open society and with the growth of human rights, people are more and more concerned about the privacy of their information and other important data. This study makes use of electrocardiography (ECG) data in order to protect individual information. An ECG signal can not only be used to analyze disease, but also to provide crucial biometric information for identification and authentication. In this study, we propose a new idea of integrating electrocardiogram watermarking and compression approach, which has never been researched before. ECG watermarking can ensure the confidentiality and reliability of a user's data while reducing the amount of data. In the evaluation, we apply the embedding capacity, bit error rate (BER), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), compression ratio (CR), and compressed-signal to noise ratio (CNR) methods to assess the proposed algorithm. After comprehensive evaluation the final results show that our algorithm is robust and feasible.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Related works.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Decomposition level.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Watermark embedding model.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Watermark extraction model.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Data compression model.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
The original and watermarked ECG. (a) Watermarked signal (b) Original signal; (c) Waveform comparison between 0.09 and 1.09 (s).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
The ECG signal after compression.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
The original, watermarked, and compression ECG signal; the blue curve indicates the original, the green curve represents the watermarked, and the red curve represents the compressed.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
The ECG verification success rate.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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