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Review
. 2013 Oct;2(5):272-80.
doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.10.02.

Cholangiocarcinoma: increasing burden of classifications

Vincenzo Cardinale  1 , Maria Consiglia Bragazzi  1 , Guido Carpino  2 , Alessia Torrice  1 , Alice Fraveto  1 , Raffaele Gentile  1 , Vincenzo Pasqualino  1 , Fabio Melandro  3 , Camilla Aliberti  4 , Carlo Bastianelli  4 , Roberto Brunelli  4 , Pasquale Bartolomeo Berloco  3 , Eugenio Gaudio  5 , Domenico Alvaro  6
Affiliations
Review

Cholangiocarcinoma: increasing burden of classifications

Vincenzo Cardinale et al. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2013 Oct.

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very heterogeneous cancer from any point of view, including epidemiology, risk factors, morphology, pathology, molecular pathology, modalities of growth and clinical features. Given this heterogeneity, a uniform classification respecting the epidemiologic, pathologic and clinical needs is currently lacking. In this manuscript we discussed the different proposed classifications of CCA in relation with recent advances in pathophysiology and biology of this cancer.

Keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA); biliary cancerogenesis; biliary tree stem/progenitor cells; cells of origin; extra-hepatic CCA; hepatic stem/progenitor cells; intra-hepatic CCA.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cholangiocarcinoma classification based on cells of origin. The existence of two different stem cell compartments and the associated cell lineages may result in multiple cells of origin of cholangicarcinoma (CCA). CCAs can be reclassified as: (I) CCAs originating from hHpSC-derived lineages that comprise histological subtypes of IH-CCA, such as, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, mixed-CCA, and cholangiolocarcinoma; (II) CCAs originating from hBTSC-derived lineages in PBGs or from epithelium of intra- or extrahepatic large bile ducts that comprise, distal EH-CCA, perihilar CCA, and mucin prodcucing IH-CCA. . Figure is a modified version from Cardinale V, Semeraro R, Torrice A, Gatto M, Napoli C, Bragazzi MC, Gentile R, Alvaro D. Intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma: New insight into epidemiology and risk factors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010;2:407-16.
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