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. 2014 Jan 24;5(2):573-86.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.5.000573. eCollection 2014 Feb 1.

Handheld Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Imaging (DRSi) for in-vivo characterization of skin

Sheldon F Bish  1 , Manu Sharma  1 , Youmin Wang  1 , Nicholas J Triesault  1 , Jason S Reichenberg  2 , John X J Zhang  1 , James W Tunnell  1
Affiliations

Handheld Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Imaging (DRSi) for in-vivo characterization of skin

Sheldon F Bish et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy provides a noninvasive means to measure optical and physiological properties of tissues. To expand on these measurements, we have developed a handheld diffuse reflectance spectral imaging (DRSi) system capable of acquiring wide field hyperspectral images of tissue. The image acquisition time was approximately 50 seconds for a 50x50 pixel image. A transport model was used to fit each spectra for reduced scattering coefficient, hemoglobin concentration and melanin concentration resulting in optical property maps. The system was validated across biologically relevant levels of reduced scattering (5.14% error) and absorption (8.34% error) using tissue simulating phantoms. DRSi optical property maps of a pigmented skin lesion were acquired in vivo. These trends in optical properties were consistent with previous observations using point probe devices.

Keywords: (110.0110) Imaging systems; (110.0113) Imaging through turbid media; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sampling geometry of DRSi.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
DRSi System Diagram.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Compact Clinically-Adaptable DRSi Imager and Mobile Cart Setup
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Focal Plane Matching Ability – Convex vs. Planar Windows. (a) and (b) Raytrace of optical paths containing the planar window (a), and a convex curvature matching window (b). Simulated rays are colored red. (c) and (d) show intensity profiles of spot locations marked by blue, green and red circles for the planar (c) and convex (d) windows.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Source and Collector aperture size and location measurement
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Optical and physiological property validation for the DRSi system. (a) μs’ fitting performance. (b) [Hb] fitting performance. (c) Representative raw spectra (black broken lines) with model fits (solid blue lines).
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Reflectance image of a USAF dark square target (left) and the corresponding measured line square functions (right) in the horizontal and vertical directions
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
(a) Hyperspectral diffuse reflectance BCC lesion image and its corresponding reduced scattering (b), reduced scattering and hemoglobin concentration maps. The white square in the camera image (c) denotes the field of view during the image acquisition process. (d) Selected pixel spectra with model fits.
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