Follow-up and extension of a prior genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder: gene × environment associations and structural magnetic resonance imaging in a highly traumatized African-American civilian population

Abstract

Follow-up and Extension of a Prior Genome-wide Association Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Gene × Environment Associations and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Highly Traumatized African-American Civilian Population

Figure 1

Main effects, gene × environment (G × E) interactions, and neuroimaging phenotypes associated with top posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) hits from Xie et al. (1). (A) Association tests (linear regression) of main effects with PTSD symptoms (mPSS) and G × E with childhood trauma. (B) Regression lines with 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines) showing predicted PTSD symptom severity on the basis of childhood trauma load. These lines illustrate that there is an interaction between childhood trauma load and T carriers of SNP rs406001. Voxel-wide t test results indicating (in red) lower fractional anisotropy in TC compared with CC genotype (for SNP rs406001) in sagittal (C) and axial (D) sections as well as locations in accompanying table. Blue voxels depict the uncinate fasciculus (defined by the Johns Hopkins White Matter Atlas). BP, base pair; Chr, chromosome; MAF, minor allele frequency; Max, maximum; p-naïve, standard regression model p value; p-robust, p value adjusted with robust standard errors with R package geepack (11); SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.