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. 2014 May;108(4):782-91.
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.004. Epub 2014 Jan 29.

Prevalence and risk factors for active convulsive epilepsy in rural northeast South Africa

Ryan G Wagner  1 , Anthony K Ngugi  2 , Rhian Twine  3 , Christian Bottomley  4 , Gathoni Kamuyu  5 , F Xavier Gómez-Olivé  6 , Myles D Connor  7 , Mark A Collinson  8 , Kathleen Kahn  9 , Stephen Tollman  9 , Charles R Newton  10
Affiliations

Prevalence and risk factors for active convulsive epilepsy in rural northeast South Africa

Ryan G Wagner et al. Epilepsy Res. 2014 May.

Abstract

Rationale: Epilepsy is among the most common neurological disorders worldwide. However, there are few large, population-based studies of the prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in southern Africa.

Methods: From August 2008 to February 2009, as part of a multi-site study, we undertook a three-stage, population-based study, embedded within the Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system, to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors of active convulsive epilepsy (ACE) in a rural South African population.

Results: The crude prevalence of ACE, after adjusting for non-response and the sensitivity of the screening method, was 7.0/1,000 individuals (95% CI 6.4-7.6) with significant geographic heterogeneity across the study area. Being male (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.6-3.2), family history of seizures (OR=4.0; 95% CI 2.0-8.1), a sibling with seizures (OR=7.0; 95% CI 1.6-31.7), problems after delivery (OR=5.9; 95% CI 1.2-24.6), and history of snoring (OR=6.5; 95% CI 4.5-9.5) were significantly associated with ACE. For children, their mother's exposure to some formal schooling was protective (OR=0.30; 95% CI 0.11-0.84) after controlling for age and sex. Human immunodeficiency virus was not found to be associated with ACE.

Conclusions: ACE is less frequent in this part of rural South Africa than other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Improving obstetric services could prevent epilepsy. The relationship between snoring and ACE requires further investigation, as does the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to examine the increased risk in those with a family history of epilepsy.

Keywords: Case-control; Epilepsy; Population-based; Prevalence; Risk factors.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of South Africa, Bushbuckridge Municipality, and the Agincourt sub-district and health and socio-demographic surveillance system, 2008.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Study design schema and numbers of individuals at each stage, 2008.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age of onset (bars) and prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (by 5-year age bands) of active convulsive epilepsy, Agincourt sub-district, 2008.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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