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. 2014 Feb 20;9(2):e87504.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087504. eCollection 2014.

Increased constituent ratios of Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Streptococcus sp. and a decrease in microflora diversity may be indicators of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a prospective study in the respiratory tracts of neonates

Wei Lu  1 , Jialin Yu  1 , Qing Ai  2 , Dong Liu  1 , Chao Song  1 , Luquan Li  1
Affiliations

Increased constituent ratios of Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Streptococcus sp. and a decrease in microflora diversity may be indicators of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a prospective study in the respiratory tracts of neonates

Wei Lu et al. PLoS One. .

Erratum in

  • PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105928

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication and cause of death in neonates on mechanical ventilation. However, it is difficult to define the causes of VAP. To understand the causes of VAP, we undertook a prospective study based on the diversity of the microflora in VAP. The experimental group consisted of newborns who suffered from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and VAP, while the control group suffered from RDS without VAP. Sputa were collected within 1, 3, and 5 days of ventilation and were divided into six groups. DNA was extracted from the samples, and the 16S rDNA was PCR amplified, separated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloned and sequenced. The resulting sequences were compared using BLAST. The DGGE pictures were measured, and the richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and cluster maps were analyzed. No differences were found regarding the constituent ratio of any genus between the Non-VAP and VAP group within 1 day after intubation. After 1 to 3 days, the constituent ratios of Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Streptococcus sp. in the VAP group were higher than those in the Non-VAP group, and the ratios of Serratia sp. and Achromobacter sp. were lower. After 3 to 5 days, the ratios of Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Serratia sp., and Achromobacter sp. were lower than those in the Non-VAP group. The richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the Non-VAP group were higher than those of the VAP group from 1 to 3 days after intubation, while no differences were found within 1 day and from 3 to 5 days. We conclude that during the first three days of intubation, the microflora diversity in the lower respiratory tract was reduced due to VAP, and the greater constituent ratios of Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Streptococcus sp. in the sputum may be indicators of VAP.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. DGGE pictures of the DNA amplified products.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Composition ratio of the genera in each group.
The difference in the composition ratio of the genera between the Non-VAP D3 group and the VAP D3 group was significant; *, P<0.05. The difference in the composition ratio of the genera between the Non-VAP D5 group and the VAP D5 group was significant; **, P<0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Number of bands in each group.
The number of bands in the Non-VAP D1 group was lower than that in the Non-VAP D3 and D5 groups; *, P<0.05. The number of bands in the VAP D1 group was lower than that in the VAP D3 and D5 groups; #, P<0.05. The number of bands in the Non-VAP D3 group was greater than that in the VAP D3 group; &, P<0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Shannon-Wiener index for each group.
The Shannon-Wiener index for the Non-VAP D1 group was lower than that for the Non-VAP D3 and D5 groups; *, P<0.05. The Shannon-Wiener index for the VAP D1 group was lower than that for the VAP D3 and D5 groups; #, P<0.05. The Shannon-Wiener index for the Non-VAP D3 group was higher than that for the VAP D3 group; &, P<0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Similarity in each group.
The similarity in the VAP D1 group was lower than that in the VAP D3 and D5 groups; #, P<0.05. The similarities in the VAP D3 and D5 groups were higher than that in the Non-VAP D3 and D5 groups; &, P<0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Cluster maps of each group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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