Disease duration determines health-related quality of life in adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients

Abstract

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus characterized by relapsing symptoms of dysphagia. The quality of life (QoL) of EoE patients is impaired, but risk factors for impaired QoL have not been identified. The chronic nature of the disease, requiring multiple endoscopies and long-term treatments, and its social implications may be important factors underlying the impaired QoL of EoE patients. We aimed to determine which clinical factors influence the QoL in EoE patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we consecutively included 74 adult patients (age 40.3 ± 13.6years, 23% female) diagnosed with EoE according to current guidelines. Patients filled out the SF-36 health-related QoL questionnaire and a questionnaire for assessing clinical data. Patients' SF-36 scores were compared with norm scores from a reference population of 1742 randomly selected subjects.

Key results: In EoE patients, vitality (62.1 ± 22.3 vs 68.6 ± 19.3, p = 0.015) and general health (64.4 ± 24.2 vs 70.9 ±20.6, p = 0.024) domains of QoL were decreased, the latter primarily in the 18-25 year age group (50.1 ± 30.5 vs 77.9 ± 17.2, p = 0.006). Disease duration is a risk factor for a low mental component summary score, as identified by univariate regression analysis (OR 1.064 (CI: 1.003-1.128), p = 0.038).

Conclusions & inferences: The QoL is particularly impaired in young adult EoE patients. Disease duration determines the mental QoL. This study offers additional insight into the impact of EoE on patients' lives and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosing and adequately treating EoE.

Keywords: SF-36; burden; dysphagia; patient-reported outcome; quality of life.