Trends in door-to-balloon time and outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an Australian perspective

Abstract

Background: Guidelines for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction include a door-to-balloon time (DTBT) of ≤90 min for primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends (2006-2010) in DTBT and determine if a reduction in DTBT was associated with improved clinical outcomes.

Methods: We compared annual median DTBT in 1926 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry. ST-elevation myocardial infarction presenting >12 h and rescue percutaneous coronary intervention was excluded. Major adverse cardiac events were analysed according to DTBT (dichotomised as ≤90 min vs >90 min). A multivariable analysis for predictors of mortality (including DTBT) was performed.

Results: Baseline demographics, clinical and procedural characteristics were similar in the STEMI cohort across the 5 years, apart from an increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (3.6% in 2006 vs 9.4% in 2010, P < 0.0001) and cardiogenic shock (7.7-9.6%, P = 0.07). The median DTBT (interquartile range) was reduced from 95 (74-130) min in 2006 to 75 (51-100) min in 2010 (P < 0.01). In this period, the proportion of patients achieving a DTBT of ≤90 min increased from 45% to 67% (P < 0.01). Lower mortality and major adverse cardiac event rates were observed with DTBT ≤90 min (all P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that a DTBT of ≤90 min was associated with improved clinical outcomes at 12 months (odds ratio 0.48; 95% confidence interval 0.33-0.73, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: There has been a decline in median DTBT in the Melbourne Interventional Group registry over 5 years. DTBT of ≤90 min is associated with improved clinical outcomes at 12 months.

Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; clinical outcome; door-to-balloon time; primary percutaneous coronary intervention; trend.