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Observational Study
. 2014 Mar 7:13:19.
doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-19.

Relationship between adherence to diet, glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Brazil

Kariane A K Davison  1 , Carlos A Negrato, Roberta Cobas, Alessandra Matheus, Lucianne Tannus, Catia S Palma, Leticia Japiassu, Joao R I Carneiro, Melanie Rodacki, Lenita Zajdenverg, Neuza B C Araújo, Marilena M Cordeiro, Jorge Luiz Luescher, Renata S Berardo, Marcia Nery, Catarina Cani, Maria do Carmo A Marques, Luiz Eduardo Calliari, Renata M Noronha, Thais D Manna, Roberta Savoldelli, Fernanda G Penha, Milton C Foss, Maria Cristina Foss-Freitas, Maria de Fatima Guedes, Sergio A Dib, Patricia Dualib, Saulo C Silva, Janice Sepúlveda, Emerson Sampaio, Rosangela R Rea, Ana Cristina R A Faria, Balduino Tschiedel, Suzana Lavigne, Gustavo A Cardozo, Antonio C Pires, Fernando C Robles, Mirela Azevedo, Luis Henrique Canani, Alessandra T Zucatti, Marisa H C Coral, Daniela A Pereira, Luiz Antonio Araujo, Hermelinda C Pedrosa, Monica Tolentino, Flaviene A Prado, Nelson Rassi, Leticia B Araujo, Reine M C Fonseca, Alexis D Guedes, Odelisa S Mattos, Manuel Faria, Rossana Azulay, Adriana C Forti, Cristina F S Façanha, Renan Montenegro Jr, Ana Paula Montenegro, Naira H Melo, Karla F Rezende, Alberto Ramos, João S Felicio, Flavia M Santos, Deborah L Jezini, Marilia B Gomes; Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG)
Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

Relationship between adherence to diet, glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Brazil

Kariane A K Davison et al. Nutr J. .

Abstract

Background: To determine the relationship between adherence to the diet reported by patients with type 1 diabetes under routine clinical care in Brazil, and demographic, socioeconomic status, glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. The data was obtained from 3,180 patients, aged 22 ± 11.8 years (56.3% females, 57.4% Caucasians and 43.6% non-Caucasians). The mean time since diabetes diagnosis was 11.7 ± 8.1 years.

Results: Overall, 1,722 (54.2%) of the patients reported to be adherent to the diet without difference in gender, duration of diabetes and socioeconomic status. Patients who reported adherence to the diet had lower BMI, HbA1c, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, non HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure and had more HbA1c at goal, performed more frequently self-monitoring of blood glucose (p < 0.001), and reported less difficulties to follow specific schedules of diet plans (p < 0.001). Less patients who reported to be adherent were obese or overweight (p = 0.005). The quantity of food and time schedule of the meals were the most frequent complaints. Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity, (Caucasians, (OR 1.26 [1.09-1.47]), number of medical clinical visits in the last year (OR 1.10 [1.06-1.15]), carbohydrate counting, (OR 2.22 [1.49-3.30]) and diets recommended by diabetes societies', (OR 1.57 [1.02-2.41]) were related to greater patients' adherence (p < 0.05) and age, [adolescents (OR 0.60 [0.50-0.72]), high BMI (OR 0.58 [0.94-0.98]) and smoking (OR 0.58 [0.41-0.84]) with poor patients' adherence (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that it is necessary to rethink medical nutrition therapy in order to help patients to overcome barriers that impair an optimized adherence to the diet.

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