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Comparative Study
. 2014 Mar 13;15(3):4442-52.
doi: 10.3390/ijms15034442.

Comparison of the osteogenic potential of titanium- and modified zirconia-based bioceramics

Young-Dan Cho  1 , Ji-Cheol Shin  2 , Hye-Lee Kim  3 , Myagmar Gerelmaa  4 , Hyung-In Yoon  5 , Hyun-Mo Ryoo  6 , Dae-Joon Kim  7 , Jung-Suk Han  8
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparison of the osteogenic potential of titanium- and modified zirconia-based bioceramics

Young-Dan Cho et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Zirconia is now favored over titanium for use in dental implant materials because of its superior aesthetic qualities. However, zirconia is susceptible to degradation at lower temperatures. In order to address this issue, we have developed modified zirconia implants that contain tantalum oxide or niobium oxide. Cells attached as efficiently to the zirconia implants as to titanium-based materials, irrespective of surface roughness. Cell proliferation on the polished surface was higher than that on the rough surfaces, but the converse was true for the osteogenic response. Cells on yttrium (Y)/tantalum (Ta)- and yttrium (Y)/niobium (Nb)-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) discs ((Y, Ta)-TZP and (Y, Nb)-TZP, respectively) had a similar proliferative potential as those grown on anodized titanium. The osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells on (Y, Ta)-TZP and (Y, Nb)-TZP was similar to that of cells grown on rough-surface titanium. These data demonstrate that improved zirconia implants, which are resistant to temperature-induced degradation, retain the desirable clinical properties of structural stability and support of an osteogenic response.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Three-dimensional confocal laser microscopy showing the roughness (Ra) of the examined substrate surfaces. (A) Titanium-machined; (B) Titanium-anodizing; (C) Sandblasted (Y, Nb)-TZP; (D) Sandblasted (Y, Ta)-TZP. (S.B.: Sandblasted).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
SEM images of Titanium and Zirconia, (A) Titanium-machined; (B) Titanium-anodizing; (C) Sandblasted (Y, Nb)-TZP; (D) Sandblasted (Y, Ta)-TZP. Original magnifications are 500, 1500, and 3000×.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Microscopic observation 24 h after MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the Ti- or Zir-discs. (A) Titanium-machined disc; (B) Titanium-anodized disc; (C) Sandblasted (Y, Nb)-TZP disc; (D) Sandblasted (Y, Ta)-TZP disc. Original magnification is 300× and bar = 100 μm.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Cell proliferation assay (PicoGreen assay) of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the Ti- or Zr-discs at day 1, 3 and 7. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Significance was tested by one-way ANOVA test. * Asterisks indicate p < 0.05 against the Ti-machined. (S.B.: Sandblasted).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Real-time PCR analysis of MC3T3-E1 cells grown in osteogenic media on Ti- or Zir-discs after 3, 7, and 10 day of culture. (A) Type I collagen; (B) Alkaline phosphatase (Alp); (C) Osteocalcin (Oc). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Significance was tested by one-way ANOVA test. * Asterisks indicate p < 0.05 against the Ti-machined.
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