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. 2014 Sep-Oct;18(5):473-80.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Mar 22.

Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil

Solange Zacalusni Freitas  1 , Caroline Cordeiro Soares  2 , Tayana Serpa Ortiz Tanaka  3 , Andréa Siqueira Campos Lindenberg  3 , Sheila Araújo Teles  4 , Marina Sawada Torres  5 , Francisco Campello Amaral Mello  2 , Maria Cássia Mendes-Corrêa  6 , Flávia Savassi-Ribas  2 , Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro  7
Affiliations

Prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of hepatitis B infection among HIV-infected patients in the State of MS, Central Brazil

Solange Zacalusni Freitas et al. Braz J Infect Dis. 2014 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

Objectives: A cross-sectional study on prevalence of HBV and HDV infection, risk factors and genotype distribution of HBV infection was conducted among 848 HIV-infected patients in Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil.

Methods: Serum samples of 848 participants were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and hepatitis surface antibody (anti-HBs). HBsAg positive samples were tested for anti-HBc IgM, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HCV, and total anti-HDV. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive were subjected to DNA extraction. Viral DNA was amplified by semi-nested PCR for the regions pre-S/S and then purified and genotyped/subgenotyped by direct sequencing. Student's t-test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare variables and to evaluate association between HBV positivity (defined as anti-HBc and/or HBsAg positivity) and risk factors.

Results: Among the 848 HIV infected patients investigated 222 had serological markers of HBV infection. The prevalence rate of HIV-HBV coinfection was 2.5% (21/848; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5%); 484 (57.1%) patients were susceptible for HBV infection. There were no cases of anti-HDV positive and only one (0.1%) anti-HCV-positive case among the HIV-HBV coinfected patients. Male gender, increasing age, family history of hepatitis, use of illicit drug, and homosexual activity were independent factors associated with HBV exposure. The phylogenetic analysis based on the S gene region revealed the presence of genotypes D (76.9%), F (15.4%) and A (7.7%) in the study sample.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the low prevalence of HIV-HBV infection and also highlights the need for early vaccination against HBV as well as testing for HBV, HCV and HDV in all HIV-infected individuals.

Keywords: Coinfection; HBV; HIV; Prevalence.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on pre S/S gene from 7 Brazilian HIV-HBV coinfected patients (HBC) and reference sequences representing all known HBV subgenotypes available at the GenBank. The numbers at the nodes represent the bootstrap support values (% obtained for 1000 replicates).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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